The most definitely one of the essence of what it means to be a human being

It is sometimes referred to as the soul, ego, psyche, identity, I, me, or being. It is the sense of who you are

Philosophy employs ghe inquisitive mind to discover the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of everything. It goes beyond scientific investigation.

"An examined life is worth living"

What are the 2 dichotomous realms according to Socrates?

Changable, transient, and imperfect; where our body belongs.

Unchanging, eternal, and immortal; where our soul belongs

The Self is an Immortal Soul

What are the 3 parts of self/soul

Divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths

Basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

Basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.

Responsibility of this is to sort things out and exert control when conflict occurs

What are the 2 worlds by Plato

"The soul is the essence of the self"

Anything with life has?

It is the essence of the seld according to Aristotle

Why humans are differ from other living things?

3 kinds of soul

Physical body that can grow

Sensual desires, feelings, and emotions

What makes a man a Human

He suggests that the rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing, and fulfilling life

"The self has an Immortal soul"

He believes that the body is united with the soul, so that man may be entire and complete

It is what governs man according to St. Agustine

"I think therefore I am"

He suggests that the act of thinking about the self or being self-conscious is proof that there is a self.

What are the 2 dimensions of human self according to Descartes

"The self is Consciousness"

He believes that conscious awareness and memory of previous experiences are the keys to understanding the self.

"There is no Self"

To him, the idea of personal identity is a result of imagination

"We construct the self"

According to him, the self constructs its own reality, activately creating a world that is familiar and predictable.

"The self is Multilayer"

The self consist of 3 layer, what are these?

Reality Principle

contains the basic instinctual drives including sexuality, aggressiveness, and self-destruction; traumatic memories; unfulfilled wishes and childhood fantasies; and thoughts and feelings that would be considered socially taboo.

Material that is easily brought to mind

"The self is the way people behave"

He believes the self is best understood as a pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition for a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances.

"The self is the Brain"

He advocates the idea of eliminative materialism or the idea that the self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body.

No brain, no?

"The self is embodied subjectivity"

All knowledge about the self is based on the "phenomena" of experience.

Based on the assumption that human behavior is influenced by group life. A particular view of oneself is formed through interactions with other people, groups, or social institutions.

Looking- Glass self by

It describes the identity through interactions with others

Threefold event in which self-identity or self-image is a achieved

Theory of the Social Self by?

What are the 2 division of the self according to Mead

It is the subjective element and the active side of the self

Objective side of the self

When a person infers people's intention or direction lf action, which may lead him or her to understand the world from other's point of view

Wha are the 3 stage process of development of the self according to Mead

Children imitate the people around them; copy behavior without understanding underlying intentions; no sense of self.

Learn to communicate through language and symbols; role-taking is exhibited; self is developing.

Children understand not only their own social position but also those of others around them; self is present.

According to him, in modern societies, the attainment and stability of self-identity are freely chosen. It is no longer restricted by customs and traditions.

According to him, self-identity continuously changes due to the demands of multitude of social contexts, new information technologies, and globalization.

He explains that individuals achieve self-identity through prestige symbols that they consume.

It is concerned with how cultural and biological processes interact to shape human experience

Considers human experience as an interplay of “nature”, referring to genetic inheritance which sets the individual’s potential, and “nurture”, referring to the sociocultural environment.

How people make sense of their experiences and behave according to socially shared ideas, values, and perceptions.

2 ways in which the concept of self is viewed in different societies:

The self is seen as an autonomous and distinct individual

The self is contingent on a situation or social setting

It refers to the features of a person’s identity that he/she chooses to emphasize in constructing a social self.

Establishes a child’s birthright and social identity.

5 kinds of personal naming

When the child is around 2 years old and ready to speak the Aymara language, a special ritual is performed to give it a name.

The baby receives the paternal given name as its last name. The boy’s name is added with a suffix sen and the girl’s name with dottir.

Children inherit their mother’s family name

Children are named after their deceased relatives and other people with admirable qualities which they believe will be helpful for their character formation.

Catholic parents name their children after saints.

Ceremony or ritual that marks a transition from one stage to another.

What are the three-phased rite of passage?

People detach from their former identity to another.

Transitions from one identity to another.

The change in one’s status is officially incorporated.

They coined the term “identity struggles” to characterize interaction in which there is a discrepancy between the identity a person claims to possess and the identity attributed to that person by others.

It may be attained by overcoming traditional practices or through internalizing divergent cultural models and suppressing any conflicting self-representations.

The concept of this implies that the cohesiveness and continuity of self are only illusory.

William James' Concept of Self:

Refers to the self that knows who he or she is.

Refers to the person’s personal experiences

Me-Self is further divided into sub-categories:

Carl Rogers’ Self Theory:

Consists of all the ideas, including the awareness of what one is and what one can do.

It is the person's conception of what one should be or what one aspires to be which includes one's goals and ambitions in life.

The function of the this is to hide and protect the true self.

Image of oneself

Albert Bandura

The main features of human agency:

Acts done intentionally.

It enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions.

Making choices and choosing appropriate courses of action

Self examine