問題一覧
1
Early fluoroscopic screens
very dim required dark adapted viewing low visual acuity
2
What is photopic vision
daylight vision depends on the function of the retina cone cells
3
Contrast in fluoroscopy is affected
by the same factors as in static radiography.
4
Total brightness gain
minification x flux gain
5
ABC is a detector that WHAT?
monitor the brightness level of the image intensifier output phosphor.
6
Unnecessary radiation exposure to who? Is unethical
patient
7
It is day light vision
photopic vision
8
Fluoroscopic imaging chain
specialized x-ray tube image receptor
9
What did edison invented in 1896
fluoroscope
10
ABC is a what? monitors the brightness level of the image intensifier output phosphor.
detector
11
Automatic adjustments made to exposure factors by equipment
automatic brightness stabilizer
12
Output screen is made of what element
zinc-cadmium sulfide
13
The increased illumination of the image is due to the what?
multiplication of the light photons at the output phosphor compared to the incident x-ray photons which interact with the input phosphor.
14
The contrast is affected by the scattered radiation coming
from the patient, light scatter at the input and output phosphors, and light scatter within the image intensifier itself.
15
Switch used in fluoroscopy
foot switch
16
Unnecessary radiation exposure to patients is what?
unethical
17
When light from the what? strikes this, photoelectron are emitted
fluorescent screen
18
1 electron strikes out output screen emit how many light photons
50 light photons
19
Brightness gain is a measurement a measurement of the increase in image brightness or intensification achieved by what?
by the conversion in the image intensification tube
20
Video viewing is limited by
Limited by 525 line raster pattern of monitor
21
adjusts the fluoroscopic mA to maintain constant output brightness regardless of the thickness or density of the body part being examined.
ABC
22
Size of focus tube used in operating magnifying
6"
23
Video viewing
resolution
24
Dual focus tubes
23/15
25
It is the domain of radiologist
active diagnosis
26
The hole in center of the anode function
allows electron to pass through to output screen
27
ABC adjusts WHAT? to maintain constant output brightness regardless of the thickness or density of the body part being examined.
Fluoroscopic mA
28
What is fluoroscope
dynamic examination
29
ABC adjusts the fluoroscopic mA to maintain constant output brightness regardless of WHAT?
the thickness or density of the body part being examined.
30
Image intensifications
video camera monitor
31
Functional studies of fluoroscopy
gi tract studies angiograms
32
Scattered radiation produces scatter photons at the input phosphor and also produces limited background fog from incident x-ray photons which are what?
transmitted through the image intensifier tube to the output screen.
33
Brightness control in fluoroscopy
automatic brightness control
34
It converts x-ray beam to light
input screen
35
It is the Measurement of conversion efficiency of output screen
flux gain
36
Photocathode compound
antimony cesium
37
a scan pattern
raster
38
Fluoroscopy mA range
0.5-5.0 mA
39
The increased WHAT ?of the image is due to the multiplication of the light photons at the output phosphor compared to the incident x-ray photons which interact with the input phosphor.
illumination
40
Radiographers are trained in what?
positioning
41
It emit light when struck by electrons
output screen
42
Amplifies video signal rather than adjusting exposure factors
automatic gain control
43
What exposure to patient is unethical
unnecessary radiation exposure
44
Minification gain
input screen diameter ²/output screen diameter ²
45
Scattered radiation produces scatter photons at the input phosphor and also produces limited background fog from WHAT? which are transmitted through the image intensifier tube to the output screen.
incident x-ray photons
46
When light from the fluorescent screen strikes this, photoelectron are emitted
photocathode
47
In anode what allows the electron to pass through to output screen
hole in center
48
Contrast is Controlled by what?
amplitude of video signal
49
Image intensifications help fluoroscopic to have what?
higher vision acuity
50
It is glass fluorescent screen
output screen
51
The output phosphor has an aluminum filter that is designed to prevent backscatter from the output phosphor to the input phosphor, but in reality WHAT?
it does not block 100% of light photons from leaking back to the input phosphor.
52
Size of focus tube used in operating normally
9"
53
It depends primarily on the function of the retina cone cells
photopic vision
54
Input screen compound
0.1-0.2 mm layers of sodium activated cesium iodide
55
When what? from the fluorescent screen strikes photocathode, photoelectron are emitted
light
56
Type of equipment in fluoroscopy
c-arm under/over table raise and lower IR for accuracy full beam intercept
57
It should not be use to preview patient position
fluoroscopic equipment
58
It is positively charged
anode
59
What year image intensifications introduced
1948
60
What year Thomas Edison invented fluoroscope
1896
61
It is the input screen diameter
magnification
62
It is the primary source of brightness gain
electrostatic lenses
63
Who are trained in positioning
radiographers
64
Vision used in early fluoroscopic screens
scotopic vision (rods)
65
15" minimum SOD used in what?
fixed fluoroscopic equipment
66
It is introduced in fluoroscopy in 1948
image intensifications
67
It accelerate the electrons
electrostatic lenses
68
Scattered radiation produces
scatter photon limited background fog
69
Image receptor in fluoroscopy
fluoroscopic screen mirrors inage intensification
70
Fluoroscopic image qualities
contrast resolution distortion quantum mottle
71
Greater voltage to electrostatic lenses function
increases acceleration of electron shifts focal point away from anode
72
The output phosphor has an aluminum filter that is to WHAT? from the output phosphor to the input phosphor, but in reality, it does not block 100% of light photons from leaking back to the input phosphor.
prevent backscatter
73
produces scatter photons at the input phosphor and also produces limited background fog from incident x-ray photons which are transmitted through the image intensifier tube to the output screen.
scattered radiation
74
Vision use nowadays in fluoroscopy
photopic vision (cones)
75
The output phosphor has WHAT? that is designed to prevent backscatter from the output phosphor to the input phosphor, but in reality, it does not block 100% of light photons from leaking back to the input phosphor.
aluminum filter
76
Contrast is affected by?
scattered ionization radiation penumbra light scatter
77
It is the vision of the eye under low light condition
scotopic vision
78
ABC circuit is also known as the
automatic brightness stabilizer
79
It gives voltage to electrostatic lenses
magnification tube
80
Fluoroscopic equipment should not be use to what?
preview patient position
81
What is magnification
input screen diameter diameter used in exam
82
Controlled by amplitude of video signal
contrast
83
Minimum SOD in fixed fluoroscopic equipment
15"
84
Raise and lower IR for accuracy can what?
can vary beam geometry and resolution
85
What is scotopic vision
vision of eye under low light condition
86
The ABC adjusts the fluoroscopic mA to WHAT? regardless of the thickness or density of the body part being examined.
maintain constant output brightness
87
It focus electron pattern across tube to anode
electrostatic lenses
88
It is the diameter used during exam
magnification
89
It is a measurement a measurement of the increase in image brightness or intensification achieved by the conversion in the image intensification tube
brightness gain
90
scattered radiation produces scatter photons at WHAT? and also produces limited background fog from incident x-ray photons which are transmitted through the image intensifier tube to the output screen.
input phosphor
91
Brightness gain is a what? achieved by the conversion in the image intensification tube
measurement of the increase in image brightness or intensification
92
Image intensifications tube components
input screen photocathode electrostatic lenses magnification tubes anode output screen
93
Kvp used in anode
25 kVp
94
circuit maintains the fluoroscopic image density and contrast at a constant br
automatic brightness gain or automatic brightness control (abc)
95
A detector monitors the brightness level of the image intensifier output phosphor.
ABC
96
a pattern of closely spaced rows of dots that form an image
raster
97
When light from the fluorescent screen strikes photocathode, what are emitted?
photoelectron
98
Fluoroscopic positioning preview
radiographers are trained in positioning unnecessary radiation exposure to patients is unethical fluoroscopic equipment should not be use to preview patient position
99
15" minimum what is used in fixed fluoroscopic equipment
SOD