問題一覧
1
It is the domain of radiologist
active diagnosis
2
What year Thomas Edison invented fluoroscope
1896
3
What did edison invented in 1896
fluoroscope
4
What is fluoroscope
dynamic examination
5
Fluoroscopic imaging chain
specialized x-ray tube image receptor
6
Image receptor in fluoroscopy
fluoroscopic screen mirrors inage intensification
7
Image intensifications
video camera monitor
8
Functional studies of fluoroscopy
gi tract studies angiograms
9
Fluoroscopic positioning preview
radiographers are trained in positioning unnecessary radiation exposure to patients is unethical fluoroscopic equipment should not be use to preview patient position
10
Who are trained in positioning
radiographers
11
Radiographers are trained in what?
positioning
12
What exposure to patient is unethical
unnecessary radiation exposure
13
Unnecessary radiation exposure to patients is what?
unethical
14
Unnecessary radiation exposure to who? Is unethical
patient
15
It should not be use to preview patient position
fluoroscopic equipment
16
Fluoroscopic equipment should not be use to what?
preview patient position
17
Type of equipment in fluoroscopy
c-arm under/over table raise and lower IR for accuracy full beam intercept
18
Raise and lower IR for accuracy can what?
can vary beam geometry and resolution
19
Fluoroscopy mA range
0.5-5.0 mA
20
Minimum SOD in fixed fluoroscopic equipment
15"
21
15" minimum SOD used in what?
fixed fluoroscopic equipment
22
15" minimum what is used in fixed fluoroscopic equipment
SOD
23
Switch used in fluoroscopy
foot switch
24
Early fluoroscopic screens
very dim required dark adapted viewing low visual acuity
25
Vision used in early fluoroscopic screens
scotopic vision (rods)
26
It is the vision of the eye under low light condition
scotopic vision
27
What is scotopic vision
vision of eye under low light condition
28
It is introduced in fluoroscopy in 1948
image intensifications
29
What year image intensifications introduced
1948
30
Image intensifications help fluoroscopic to have what?
higher vision acuity
31
Vision use nowadays in fluoroscopy
photopic vision (cones)
32
It is day light vision
photopic vision
33
It depends primarily on the function of the retina cone cells
photopic vision
34
What is photopic vision
daylight vision depends on the function of the retina cone cells
35
Image intensifications tube components
input screen photocathode electrostatic lenses magnification tubes anode output screen
36
Input screen compound
0.1-0.2 mm layers of sodium activated cesium iodide
37
It converts x-ray beam to light
input screen
38
Photocathode compound
antimony cesium
39
When light from the fluorescent screen strikes this, photoelectron are emitted
photocathode
40
When light from the fluorescent screen strikes photocathode, what are emitted?
photoelectron
41
When what? from the fluorescent screen strikes photocathode, photoelectron are emitted
light
42
When light from the what? strikes this, photoelectron are emitted
fluorescent screen
43
It accelerate the electrons
electrostatic lenses
44
It focus electron pattern across tube to anode
electrostatic lenses
45
It is the primary source of brightness gain
electrostatic lenses
46
It gives voltage to electrostatic lenses
magnification tube
47
Greater voltage to electrostatic lenses function
increases acceleration of electron shifts focal point away from anode
48
Dual focus tubes
23/15
49
Size of focus tube used in operating normally
9"
50
Size of focus tube used in operating magnifying
6"
51
It is the input screen diameter
magnification
52
It is the diameter used during exam
magnification
53
What is magnification
input screen diameter diameter used in exam
54
It is positively charged
anode
55
Kvp used in anode
25 kVp
56
In anode what allows the electron to pass through to output screen
hole in center
57
The hole in center of the anode function
allows electron to pass through to output screen
58
It is glass fluorescent screen
output screen
59
Output screen is made of what element
zinc-cadmium sulfide
60
It emit light when struck by electrons
output screen
61
Total brightness gain
minification x flux gain
62
It is a measurement a measurement of the increase in image brightness or intensification achieved by the conversion in the image intensification tube
brightness gain
63
Brightness gain is a what? achieved by the conversion in the image intensification tube
measurement of the increase in image brightness or intensification
64
Brightness gain is a measurement a measurement of the increase in image brightness or intensification achieved by what?
by the conversion in the image intensification tube
65
The increased WHAT ?of the image is due to the multiplication of the light photons at the output phosphor compared to the incident x-ray photons which interact with the input phosphor.
illumination
66
The increased illumination of the image is due to the what?
multiplication of the light photons at the output phosphor compared to the incident x-ray photons which interact with the input phosphor.
67
Minification gain
input screen diameter ²/output screen diameter ²
68
It is the Measurement of conversion efficiency of output screen
flux gain
69
1 electron strikes out output screen emit how many light photons
50 light photons
70
What is generator use in fluoroscopy
Same as those used for static radiography
71
Brightness control in fluoroscopy
automatic brightness control
72
circuit maintains the fluoroscopic image density and contrast at a constant br
automatic brightness gain or automatic brightness control (abc)
73
ABC circuit is also known as the
automatic brightness stabilizer
74
A detector monitors the brightness level of the image intensifier output phosphor.
ABC
75
adjusts the fluoroscopic mA to maintain constant output brightness regardless of the thickness or density of the body part being examined.
ABC
76
ABC adjusts WHAT? to maintain constant output brightness regardless of the thickness or density of the body part being examined.
Fluoroscopic mA
77
The ABC adjusts the fluoroscopic mA to WHAT? regardless of the thickness or density of the body part being examined.
maintain constant output brightness
78
ABC adjusts the fluoroscopic mA to maintain constant output brightness regardless of WHAT?
the thickness or density of the body part being examined.
79
ABC is a what? monitors the brightness level of the image intensifier output phosphor.
detector
80
ABC is a detector that WHAT?
monitor the brightness level of the image intensifier output phosphor.
81
Automatic adjustments made to exposure factors by equipment
automatic brightness stabilizer
82
Amplifies video signal rather than adjusting exposure factors
automatic gain control
83
Fluoroscopic image qualities
contrast resolution distortion quantum mottle
84
Controlled by amplitude of video signal
contrast
85
Contrast is Controlled by what?
amplitude of video signal
86
Contrast is affected by?
scattered ionization radiation penumbra light scatter
87
Contrast in fluoroscopy is affected
by the same factors as in static radiography.
88
The contrast is affected by the scattered radiation coming
from the patient, light scatter at the input and output phosphors, and light scatter within the image intensifier itself.
89
produces scatter photons at the input phosphor and also produces limited background fog from incident x-ray photons which are transmitted through the image intensifier tube to the output screen.
scattered radiation
90
scattered radiation produces scatter photons at WHAT? and also produces limited background fog from incident x-ray photons which are transmitted through the image intensifier tube to the output screen.
input phosphor
91
Scattered radiation produces
scatter photon limited background fog
92
Scattered radiation produces scatter photons at the input phosphor and also produces limited background fog from WHAT? which are transmitted through the image intensifier tube to the output screen.
incident x-ray photons
93
Scattered radiation produces scatter photons at the input phosphor and also produces limited background fog from incident x-ray photons which are what?
transmitted through the image intensifier tube to the output screen.
94
The output phosphor has WHAT? that is designed to prevent backscatter from the output phosphor to the input phosphor, but in reality, it does not block 100% of light photons from leaking back to the input phosphor.
aluminum filter
95
The output phosphor has an aluminum filter that is to WHAT? from the output phosphor to the input phosphor, but in reality, it does not block 100% of light photons from leaking back to the input phosphor.
prevent backscatter
96
The output phosphor has an aluminum filter that is designed to prevent backscatter from the output phosphor to the input phosphor, but in reality WHAT?
it does not block 100% of light photons from leaking back to the input phosphor.
97
Video viewing
resolution
98
Video viewing is limited by
Limited by 525 line raster pattern of monitor
99
a scan pattern
raster