Members of the flight crew recruited by an airline to perform duties in an aircraft. They are also known as – cabin crew, air hosts/hostesses, or stewards/stewardesses. Their role is to ensure safety, security, and service (the comfort of passengers) for the duration of a flight.

Heinrich Kubis was the world’s first flight attendant when he cared for passengers and served food aboard the DELAG Zeppelin LZ-10.

some airlines began to employ male flight attendants known as aerial couriers and cabin boys to assist passengers by storing their luggage, comforting nervous passengers, and helping people get on the plane.

an airline subsidiary of the Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) ’s Daimler Company that ceased operations on April 1, 1924) hired the first male flight attendants, called “cabin boys,” in 1922 to assist passengers during its flights.

Ellen Church, a registered nurse who had taken flying lessons, was seeking a pilot position at Boeing Air Transport (later to become United Airlines) and was offered a job as a stewardess. Ellen Church was hired as Chief Stewardess and seven additional nurses to represent the airline.

She was the first stewardess aboard a commercial flight from Oakland, California, en route to Chicago.

Other airlines followed, and Swissair was the first European carrier to hire an air hostess, a woman named

a detailed explanation given before take-off to airline passengers about the safety features of an aircraft. It is also referred to as the pre-flight safety demonstration, in-flight safety briefing, or safety instructions.

demonstration and the safety information card provided in front of the seat give vital information on the safety of passengers onboard.

Flight attendants must advise passengers to keep the seat belt fastened throughout the flight and must do so whenever the "________" sign is on, usually during taxiing, take-off, landing, and occasions of turbulence.

An aircraft shall be equipped with one life jacket that complies with the standards for each occupant when the aircraft is over water and shall be stowed at or immediately adjacent to each seat.

Some airlines allow passengers to use electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and e-readers during the entire flight duration but must be turned to Flight Mode when switched on.

All airlines do not permit smoking onboard, including e-cigarettes; therefore, the 'no smoking' signs will remain on throughout the flight.

Alcohol will not be served to passengers under 18 years of age. __________ beverages brought from outside the aircraft or purchased onboard is against the policy of some airlines.

The only regulation on seating guidelines is to ensure that passengers can sit upright with enough legroom, stand easily, and move to the aisle without difficulty

Surprising as it may seem, airlines are not required by law to provide toilets.

A flight attendant does this by walking through the cabin and verifying that all passengers are seated with their seat belts securely fastened after the captain turns on the “fasten seat belt” sign.

Flight attendants must check every lavatory at least once every two (2) hours for smoke, foreign objects, and adequate supplies.

Each cabin must be inspected at least once every 15 minutes except during the meal, beverage, and selling items services that carts are in aisles. During this inspection, flight attendants ensure that no objects block the aisles or pose falling hazards and no unsafe activities are occurring.

At least one flight attendant must be in a position to observe the activity occurring in each cabin at all times.

Shortly after the 9/11 incident, airlines began developing procedures to protect access to the cockpit when the pilot leaves for any reason. This is now referred to as the two-man rule, introduced by the Germanwings.

Airlines have the right to refuse passengers from entering the aircraft when a considerable potential risk to the safety of the aircraft, cabin crew, and passengers is observed.

Emergency onboard, whether an in-flight fire, malfunctions, medical cases, or even an emergency landing, is a challenging situation for the cabin crew and can occur at any time.

one of the specialty fields in Studies of Law.

a general viewpoint that covers the special characteristics and demands of aviation field

branch of law that is concerned with air transport operations, and all the associated legal and business concerns.

Body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states an such entities that have been granted international personality.

ICAO

IATA

The branch of international air law that determines the rules between contracting states and other international personalities is known as______

an agreement which two nations sign to allow international commercial air transport services to occur between their territories.

laws of different countries, on the subject matter to be decided, are in opposition to each other or that laws of the same country are contradictory.

It is the right of a state to impose its national law on users of its airspace.

It is the airspace over and within the territorial borders of a state. Territorial airspace has no vertical limit. For the states with sea boundaries, territorial airspace extends beyond the land. This limit is internationally agreed limit of the territorial waters.

It refers to the process which binds the states and international organizations to agreements with respect to their aviation activities. The activities may be among various problems of political, technical, economic, financial, social or legal nature.

It is the series of rules pertaining to the relations between private persons involved in the operation and the use of aircraft. It applies to the travelers and airline staff.

It is a law that a higher body can impose with legal force on one or more states.

an internationally recognized and accepted system that audits and certifies operational management and control systems in the airlines.

consists of an Assembly of representatives from the contracting states, a Council of governing bodies out of various subordinate bodies, and a Secretariat

The right of aircraft from State A to overfly State B without landing.

The right of aircraft from State A to land in State B for technical reasons. Also known as a technical/ refuelling stop.

The right of aircraft from State A to accept paying traffic (revenue passengers) from State A and put it down in State B.

The right of aircraft from State A to pick up paying traffic in State B and put it down in State A.

The right of aircraft from State A to take paying traffic from State B to State C. The right granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, traffic coming from or destined to a third State.

These are also controversial rights especially as some of them involve the ability for a foreign carrier to fly domestic routes — termed as “_____.”

the right of transporting, via the home State of the carrier, traffic moving between two other States. Though not incorporated into any agreement this is a critical right.

the right granted by one State to another State, of transporting traffic between two foreign states any with no requirement to necessarily operate to any point in the territory of the recipient State

the right of transporting cabotage traffic between two points in the territory of the granting State on a service which originates or terminates in the home country of the foreign carrier

the right of transporting cabotage traffic of the granting State on a service performed entirely within the territory of the granting State.

The first true instrument of private international air law was the Convention for Unification of Certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air

Replaced and update the Warsaw Convention. Consolidates the many amendments to the Warsaw Convention

a reciprocal agreement between two or more airlines that enables a flight that is operated by one carrier.

a type of bill that serves as a receipt of goods by an airline (Carrier) and as a contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier.

Is the airlines’ trade association

IATA also manages a ______ which creates guidance material for airlines operate safely.

A specialized agency of the United Nations, _______ was created in 1944 to promote the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world.

adopts and develops standards and regulations that are followed by each airline in the country.

The national aviation authority has direct impact on the work of the cabin crew by its approval of two foundational documents for each airline: the _______, _______

The national aviation authorities in the European Union joined together to form the _________ in 2002. The purpose is to mandate is to standardize the regulations between EU member states, so that the same levels of safety can

Each country or state has a national security agency responsible for setting rules and regulations relating to airline security procedures and policies