Are required in the largest amount (in excess of 10 mmole/kg of dry matte

Copper

attaches to the walls of plant tissues, stabilizing the cell wall and favoring cell wall formation. it is also involved in cell growth and development. It neutralizes toxic substances in plants and contributes to seed formation.

molybdenum

it was one of the first micronutrients recognized as essential for plants and the one most commonly limiting yields. Although it is required only in small amounts, high yields are impossible without it.

constitutes the core of the chlorophyll molecule and is therefore essential for photosynthesis. This makes it an indispensable element for plant development.

Those fertilizers which have two or more than two nutrients n a specific ratio e.g. if a fertilizer contains NPK then the ratio will be 10, 14, 10

Used to apply, iron, copper, and manganese.

Sulfur

Those fertilizers which contain only one type of nutrient

macronutrient constituent of amino acids, proteins, hormones, chlorophyll & vitamins

iron

micronutrients

Required to obtain all other elements from the soil so in a sense plants act as

continuous series of natural processes by which nitrogen passes successively from air to soil to organisms and back to air or soil involving principally nitrogen fixation, nitrification, decay, and denitrification.

CALCIUM

Also called Trace Elements - They are needed in very small amounts. (less than 10 mmole/kg of dry matter.

macronutrients

The process of nitrogen cycle:

Mineral nutrient deficiencies occur when the concentration of a nutrient

Boron

Root growth favors a pH of

POTASSIUM

is essential for plant development, since it plays a fundamental role in energy metablosim and protein synthesis. Nitrogen is absorbed by the plant in the form of nitrate. It promotes cellular multiplication.

beneficial element

stimulates flowering and the synthesis of carbohydrates and enzymes. This, in turn, provides an increase in the plant’s ability to withstand unfavorable environments such as low temperatures, and prevents withering.

PHOSPHORUS

participates in the formation of chlorophyll. It is necessary for performing photosynthesis and intervenes in protein synthesis and tissue formation. it is fundamental in the metabolizing of nitrogen since it improves nitrogen efficiency. and also improves plant defenses in general.

is involved in root growth, which it stimulates. In the aerial zone it flavors flowering. Although it is also necessary during the plant’s growth period, it is much more involved in the flowering stage.

Magnesium

NITROGEN

component of many enzymes associated with energy transfer, nitrogen reduction and fixation, and lignin formation.

One of the most important micronutrients affecting membrane stability, B supports the structural and functional integrity of plant cell membranes.

zinc

is a trace element found in the soil and is required for the synthesis and activity of the enzymes nitrate reductase.

primarily as part of enzymes systems in plants. It activates several important metabolic reactions and plays a direct role in photosynthesis.

determines solute concentration and anion cation balance in cells. It controls the electrical neutrality of K+ ions during the opening and closing of stomata. Cell division in leaves and roots.

an inorganic element - Acquired mostly in the form of inorganic ions from the soil.

the dead body tissue of plants

A substance needed to survive or necessary for the synthesis of organic compounds.

activates enzymes and catalyzes reactions in several plant-growth processes. The presence of it is closely linked to Vitamin A production, and it helps ensure successful protein synthesis

chlorine

manganese

loss of the green pigment of plants