nervous

59問 • 2年前

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問題一覧

the basic functional units of the nervous system are individual cells called

neurons

supporting the cells of the nervous system, called neuralgia, perform all of the following except

act as lymphocytes

what is the term for the nervous system comprising all neurons outside the brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

the autonomic nervous system provides regulation of each of the following except

skeletal muscle

which of the following is NOT a basic function of the nervous system

interpretative

neurons are classified on the basis of structure as each of the following except

dipolar

the multipolar neuron consists of all of the following excepr

myelin

the axons of some neurons are wrapped in an insulating sheath made of

myelin

the insulating sheath is interrupted at regular intervals, exposing the neural membrane. these interruptions are called ? of ranvier

nodes

neurons use ? to carry information from the cell body to the synaptic terminal

electrical impulses

an action potential is a change in membrane potential during ? of a neuron

excitation

where in a neuron is the highest density of voltage gated sodium channels found

axon hillock

events that make initiation of an action potential less likely are

inhibitory

which of the following is a correct step in the generation of an action potential

inactivation of sodium channels and the activation of potassium channels

from the time an action potential begins until the normal resting potential has stabilised, the membrane will not respond normally to additional depolarising stimuli, this period is known as the

refractory period

in a neural action potential repolarisation involves the loss of ? ions

potassium

the ? exchange pump slowly restores intracellular and extracellular ion distribution to pre stimulation levels when the neuron is not active

sodium potassium

an action potential is delayed along the axon of a neuron in a series of steps, with action potentials in one section of the axon bringing the adjacent region to ? and handing on the impulse

threshold

continuous propagation is the basic mechanism by which an action potential is propagated along a ? appearing to move along the membrane in a series of tiny steps

unmyelinated axon

where action potentials jump along the axon in a series of steps, this is known as

saltatory propagation

electrical impulses are passed from neurons or other cells at a specialised junction called

synapse

electrical synapses are rare and occur when presymaptic and postsynaptic membranes are locked together tightly by

gap junctions

in a chemical synapse, communication across the synaptic cleft requires the release of a ? from the presynaptic membrane

neurotransmitter

according to the lock and key model, the same neurotransmitter may act on

several different types of receptors

substance start can bind to a receptor are called ligands. ligands that block or reduce neurotransmitter action are called

antagonist

neurotransmitters that may be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the postsynaptic receptor are called ? neurotransmitter

dual function

ACh is the neurotransmitter of the neuromuscular junction, the specialised synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle, where it acts on the ? ACh receptor

nicotinic

which of the following is not an accurate event at the cholinergic synapse

calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal from the intracellular calcium stores, triggering the exocytosis of ACh

when signals from another nerve terminal at the presynaptic membrane causes a decreased release of neurotransmitter, it is called

presynaptic inhibition

an excitory postsynaptic potential is a ? caused by the arrival of a neurotransmitter

graded depolarisation

individual postsynaptic potentials can combine by the process of summation, which integrates the effect of

graded potentials

the addition of stimuli occurring in rapid succession is called

temporal summation

a reflex arc contains each of the following except

am efferent junction

the region of the brain which performs higher functions and planning and execution of voluntary motor action is called the

cortex

the electroencephalogram provides a clinical assessment of overall brain function, and records each of the following except

sigma waves

the ? is an area of the brain responsible for maintenance of homeostasis by controlling behaviours essential to survival of the individual or species via hormones and the sympathetic nervous system

hypothalamus

activation of the ? branch of the autonomic nervous system causes rest and repose responses, associated with relative inactivity and digestion

parasympathetic

a number of organs have ? by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, with opposite effects

dual innervation

the principle neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system, which may act on alpha and beta reception is

no adrenaline

the principle neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system is ? acting on muscarinic receptors

acetylcholine (ACh)

what is the relationship between action potentials abs graded potentials

action potentials are initiated when the membrane is depolarised to threshold by a graded potential

why do voltage regulated K+ channels not need to inactivate

because the equilibrium potential for K+ is lower that the threshold of the K+ channels (ca -60 mV)

which feature of voltage regulated ion channels is responsible for neurons refractory period

Na+ channel inactivation

why can an action potential not be initiated during the refractory period?

because the voltage gated Na+ channels are inactivated

why does continuous propagation of the action potential not occur in the myelinated axons

because the myelin sheath blocks the flow of ions across the membrane

why do action potentials travel along distances while graded potentials do not

because action potentials are actively propagated

what determines the duration of an action potential

cell type

which of the following cannot initiate a graded potential

action potentials

pick the correct statement. at a chemical synapse

generally communication only occurs in one direction

what terminates transmission at the cholinergic synapse?

breakdown of ACh by AChE

pick the correct statement. slow postsynaptic receptors

may trigger more than one response in the postsynaptic cell

what function of neurons is performed by summation

integration of several different synaptic inputs

why do alkalosis and acidosis affect neural impulse conduction

because the concentration of H+ affects the potential difference across the cell membrane

atropine binds to muscarinic acteylcholine receptors and prevents their activation by acteylcholine. Thai means it acts as an

antagonist

selective serotonin regulator inhibitors prolong the action of serotonin (5HT) at a synapse by preventing its removal from the synaptic cleft. this means they act as

agonists

Parkinson’s diseases is caused by deficient dopamine pathways in the brain. it is therefore best treated with

dopamine agonists

the tendon stretch reflex can be classified as a

monosynaptic reflex

damage to which areas of the brain would be expected to impair control of food intake

hypothalamus

which of the following is part of the rest and repose response

decrease in heart rate

concepts

concepts

muscle

muscle

reproductive

reproductive

renal

renal

gastro

gastro

endocrine

endocrine

respiratory

respiratory

bodily fluids

bodily fluids

cardiovascular

cardiovascular

問題一覧

the basic functional units of the nervous system are individual cells called

neurons

supporting the cells of the nervous system, called neuralgia, perform all of the following except

act as lymphocytes

what is the term for the nervous system comprising all neurons outside the brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

the autonomic nervous system provides regulation of each of the following except

skeletal muscle

which of the following is NOT a basic function of the nervous system

interpretative

neurons are classified on the basis of structure as each of the following except

dipolar

the multipolar neuron consists of all of the following excepr

myelin

the axons of some neurons are wrapped in an insulating sheath made of

myelin

the insulating sheath is interrupted at regular intervals, exposing the neural membrane. these interruptions are called ? of ranvier

nodes

neurons use ? to carry information from the cell body to the synaptic terminal

electrical impulses

an action potential is a change in membrane potential during ? of a neuron

excitation

where in a neuron is the highest density of voltage gated sodium channels found

axon hillock

events that make initiation of an action potential less likely are

inhibitory

which of the following is a correct step in the generation of an action potential

inactivation of sodium channels and the activation of potassium channels

from the time an action potential begins until the normal resting potential has stabilised, the membrane will not respond normally to additional depolarising stimuli, this period is known as the

refractory period

in a neural action potential repolarisation involves the loss of ? ions

potassium

the ? exchange pump slowly restores intracellular and extracellular ion distribution to pre stimulation levels when the neuron is not active

sodium potassium

an action potential is delayed along the axon of a neuron in a series of steps, with action potentials in one section of the axon bringing the adjacent region to ? and handing on the impulse

threshold

continuous propagation is the basic mechanism by which an action potential is propagated along a ? appearing to move along the membrane in a series of tiny steps

unmyelinated axon

where action potentials jump along the axon in a series of steps, this is known as

saltatory propagation

electrical impulses are passed from neurons or other cells at a specialised junction called

synapse

electrical synapses are rare and occur when presymaptic and postsynaptic membranes are locked together tightly by

gap junctions

in a chemical synapse, communication across the synaptic cleft requires the release of a ? from the presynaptic membrane

neurotransmitter

according to the lock and key model, the same neurotransmitter may act on

several different types of receptors

substance start can bind to a receptor are called ligands. ligands that block or reduce neurotransmitter action are called

antagonist

neurotransmitters that may be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the postsynaptic receptor are called ? neurotransmitter

dual function

ACh is the neurotransmitter of the neuromuscular junction, the specialised synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle, where it acts on the ? ACh receptor

nicotinic

which of the following is not an accurate event at the cholinergic synapse

calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal from the intracellular calcium stores, triggering the exocytosis of ACh

when signals from another nerve terminal at the presynaptic membrane causes a decreased release of neurotransmitter, it is called

presynaptic inhibition

an excitory postsynaptic potential is a ? caused by the arrival of a neurotransmitter

graded depolarisation

individual postsynaptic potentials can combine by the process of summation, which integrates the effect of

graded potentials

the addition of stimuli occurring in rapid succession is called

temporal summation

a reflex arc contains each of the following except

am efferent junction

the region of the brain which performs higher functions and planning and execution of voluntary motor action is called the

cortex

the electroencephalogram provides a clinical assessment of overall brain function, and records each of the following except

sigma waves

the ? is an area of the brain responsible for maintenance of homeostasis by controlling behaviours essential to survival of the individual or species via hormones and the sympathetic nervous system

hypothalamus

activation of the ? branch of the autonomic nervous system causes rest and repose responses, associated with relative inactivity and digestion

parasympathetic

a number of organs have ? by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, with opposite effects

dual innervation

the principle neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system, which may act on alpha and beta reception is

no adrenaline

the principle neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system is ? acting on muscarinic receptors

acetylcholine (ACh)

what is the relationship between action potentials abs graded potentials

action potentials are initiated when the membrane is depolarised to threshold by a graded potential

why do voltage regulated K+ channels not need to inactivate

because the equilibrium potential for K+ is lower that the threshold of the K+ channels (ca -60 mV)

which feature of voltage regulated ion channels is responsible for neurons refractory period

Na+ channel inactivation

why can an action potential not be initiated during the refractory period?

because the voltage gated Na+ channels are inactivated

why does continuous propagation of the action potential not occur in the myelinated axons

because the myelin sheath blocks the flow of ions across the membrane

why do action potentials travel along distances while graded potentials do not

because action potentials are actively propagated

what determines the duration of an action potential

cell type

which of the following cannot initiate a graded potential

action potentials

pick the correct statement. at a chemical synapse

generally communication only occurs in one direction

what terminates transmission at the cholinergic synapse?

breakdown of ACh by AChE

pick the correct statement. slow postsynaptic receptors

may trigger more than one response in the postsynaptic cell

what function of neurons is performed by summation

integration of several different synaptic inputs

why do alkalosis and acidosis affect neural impulse conduction

because the concentration of H+ affects the potential difference across the cell membrane

atropine binds to muscarinic acteylcholine receptors and prevents their activation by acteylcholine. Thai means it acts as an

antagonist

selective serotonin regulator inhibitors prolong the action of serotonin (5HT) at a synapse by preventing its removal from the synaptic cleft. this means they act as

agonists

Parkinson’s diseases is caused by deficient dopamine pathways in the brain. it is therefore best treated with

dopamine agonists

the tendon stretch reflex can be classified as a

monosynaptic reflex

damage to which areas of the brain would be expected to impair control of food intake

hypothalamus

which of the following is part of the rest and repose response

decrease in heart rate