one of a class of elements which are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity

IT IS A MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS SUCH AS STEEL WHICH COMPOSED OF IRON AND CARBON.

IT IS AN ELEMENT NOT MIX WITH ANOTHER SUBSTANCE.

The property of a metal that permits mechanical deformation by extrusion, forging, rolling, etc., without fracturing. Materials has been heat treated to improve its strength.

The property of a metal that able to undergo plastic deformation without fracturing.

It is any metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron in appreciable amounts . More expensive than iron but more resistant to corrosion.

LIGHTWEIGHT , SOFT , & DUCTILE , GOOD ELECTRICITY CONDUCTOR

MALLEABLE , & DUCTILE , GOOD ELECT. CONDUCTOR, CORROSION RESISTANT

AN ALLOY COMPOSITION OF COPPER AND ZINC , HARD, GOOD ELECTRICITY CONDUCTOR , CORROSION RESISTANT

AN ALLOY COMPOSITION OF COPPER AND TIN, STRONG, MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE WHEN SOFT. PREP

A MALLEABLE ,DUCTILE MAGNETIC SILVER WHITE METALLIC ELEMENT.

A HARD,BRITTLE NON-MALLEABLE IRON BASED ALLOY CONTAINING 2%-4.5% CARBON AND .5%-3% SILICON CAST IN A SAND MOLD AND MACHINED TO MAKE MANY BLDG. PRODUCTS.

A TOUGH MALLEABLE RELATIVELY SOFT, DUCTILE, AND FIBROUS IRON HAVING A FIBROUS STRUCTURE CONTAINING APPROX.0.2% CARBON. USED IN DECORATIVE ELEMENTS & FENCING.

COMMONLY USED FOR CONSTRUCTIO

ALLOY OF IRON AND .15%-. 25% CARBON (MALLEABLE ,DUCTILE, GOOD TENSILE STRENGTH, POOR CORROSION RESISTANCE)

ALLOY OF IRON AND .25-.45% CARBON,

ALLOY OF IRON AND .45-.85% HIGH CARBON

ALLOY OF IRON AND 0.85%- 1.80% HIGH CARBON

LOW CARBON STEEL CONTAINING LESS THAN 2% ALLOYS IN A CHEMICAL COMPOSITION FOR DUCTILITY AND RESISTANCE TO CORROSION.

ARE GALVANIZED IRON AND THIN PROTECTIVE COATING OF ZINC BY ELECTROLYSIS OR BY DIPPING IN BATHS OF MOLTEN ZINC. EXAMPLES : SHEET PILE , G.I. ROOFING SHEETS

A RANGE OF TYPES OF SILVER COLOURED ALLOY STEEL WITH GOOD CORROSION RESISTANCE USUALLY CONTAINS 12%-18% CHROMIUM AND UP TO 8% NICKEL.( HARD AND TOUGH )

16% TO 26% CHROMIUM AND UP TO 35% NICKEL, IT HAS THE HIGHEST CORROSION RESISTANCE. THE MOST COMMON TYPE IS GRADE 304 (18%CHROMIUM & 8% NICKEL). IT IS USED IN AIRCRAFT AND DAIRY FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES.

10.5% TO 27% CHROMIUM WITH A LOW CARBON CONTENT OF 0.2% AND ARE NICKEL- FREE .USED IN ARCHITECTURAL & AUTO TRIM.

CONTAINS 11.5% TO 18% CHROMIUM AND UP TO 1.2% CARBON .IT HAS MODEST CORROSION RESISTANCE USED IN WRENCHES,TURBINES,SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

ASTM A36 & ASTM A529

ASTM A514

ASTM A633 , A678 , A852

ASTM A242 , A572 , A588

FOR HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS

FOR SHEET PILING

FOR MACHINE BOLTS & NUTS

ABILITY OF THE BAR TO RESIST HIGH STRESSES OR LOAD W/O PERMANENT DEFORMATION.UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE IS USED FOR TESTING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS YIELD AND TENSILE STRENGTH.

THE MAX.LOAD THE BAR CAN TAKE UNTIL IT BREAKS.

COMPLIANCE WITH PNS 49 STANDARDS SPECTROMETER IS USED FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

THE MASS PER 1 METER SAMPLE SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 6% FOR 10MM TO 40MM DIAMETER.

DEFINES THE ENERGY ABSORPTION CAPABILITY OF THE MATERIAL BEFORE FAILURE OCCURS. THE LARGER THIS RATIO, THE BETTER THE STEEL BAR’S RESISTANCE TO EARTHQUAKE.

A BAR WITH A HIGHER TENSILE STRENGTH/YIELD STRENGTH RATIO AND LOWER CARBON EQUIVALENT. PERMITS WELDING WITHOUT PRE-HEATING AND POST-HEATING.

A horizontal structural member which supports roof covering

A member fitted into a framework which resist axial compressive forces.

A member used to strengthen a plate against lateral or local buckling. Usually a flat bar welded perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of The member.

It is a fastener used for anchoring components to concrete or masonry, consisting of a bolt which mechanically expands when its head is turned, tight against the sides of the hole in which it is fixed.

IS A TRUSS LIKE LIGHTWEIGHT RIGID STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED FROM INTERLOCKING STRUTS IN A GEOMETRIC PATTERN . IT FEATURES LONG SPAN, MULTIDIRECTIONAL SPAN WITH FEW SUPPORTS.

Soleras

Senepa

Sibe

Rodapis

Media Agua

Reostra

Kostelyahe

Kanto mesa

Palitada

Masilya

Lastilyas

Larga Masa

Baluster

Door Head

Rabbet

Girt

Bottom Chord

Truss

Girder

Beam

Stirrups/Ties

Framework

Scaffold

Plastered

Vetical Stud

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