問題一覧
1
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Clavicle
2
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Humerus
3
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Sternum
4
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Ulna
5
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Metacarpals
6
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Pubis
7
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Patella
8
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Tibia
9
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Talus
10
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Phalanges
11
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Metatarsals
12
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Phalanges
13
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Ischium
14
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Xiphoid process
15
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Anterior View
16
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Occipital
17
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7 cervical vertebrae
18
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Mandible
19
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12 thoracic vertebrae
20
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5 lumbar
21
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Ischium
22
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Radius
23
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Coccyx
24
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Femur
25
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Fibula
26
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Calcaneus
27
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Sacrum
28
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Ilium
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Posterior View
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Body standing errect, the eyes directed forwards, hands by the sides with palms facing forwards and with the heels and toe joints touching
Anatomical position
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What is Anterior?
Toward the front (ventral)
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What is Posterior?
Towards the back (dorsal)
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What is Medial?
Toward the vertical mid-line of the body
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What is Lateral?
Away from the vertical mid-line of the body
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What is Superior?
Toward the head
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What is Inferior
Away from the head
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What is Superficial (External)?
Toward the surface of the body
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What is Deep (Internal)?
Toward the core of the body
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What is Plantar?
Bottom of the feet
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What is Dorsal?
Top surface of the hands and feet
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What is Palmar?
Palm of the hand
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How many bones are in the skeletal system?
206
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What does the skeletal system serve to do?
Protect vital organs, provides support for soft tissues, framework of levers to which muscles attach and the body moves
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What are the 2 divisions of the skeletal system?
Appendicular and axial
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The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the:
Arms, shoulders, legs and pelvis
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The axial skeleton consists of the:
Head, chest, spinal column
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What are long bones?
Bones in which the length of the bone exceeds the width and thickness
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Examples of long bones are dones of the:
Thigh, legs, arms, forearms and fingers
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What are short bones?
Bones that are cube shaped and are approximately equal in length and width
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Examples of short bones are:
Wrist and ankle bones
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What are irregular bones?
Bones of various shapes
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What are examples of irregular bones?
The vertebrae and certain facial bones
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What are flat bones?
Generally thin and composed of two parallel plates of bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone
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What are examples of flat bones?
Crabial bones, sternum and ribs
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Adjacent bones move together thereby decreasing the angle between them.
Flexion
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Arms or legs move laterally away from the midline of the body.
Abduction
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A body part moves around its own axis.
Rotation
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An extension movement is continued beyond normal standing position.
Hyperextension
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Head or torse moves to the side
Lateral flexion
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Adjacent bones move apart thereby increasing the angle between them. Also, can be deacribed as the return of the body parts to normal standing position.
Extension
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A body segment moves laterally toward the idoine of the body (i.e. a limb is added to the body)
Adduction
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A body part moves in a full circular path.
Circumduction
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A flexion movement is continued beyond the normal range of motion.
Hyperflexion
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The top of the foot moves towards the shin (i.e. pulling foot and toes towards shins)
Dorsiflexion
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The sole of the foot faces outward (i.e. in a standing position, the body weight is on the inner edge of the foot)
Eversion
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The toes move towards the floor (i.e. curling the toes under)
Toe flexion
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The long axis of the foot bone rotates upward increasing the longitudinal arch of the foot (high arches)
Supination
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The top of the foot moves away from the shin (i.e. pointing the toes)
Plantar Flexion
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The sole of the foot faces inward (i.e. in a standing position, the body weight is o. the outer edge of the foot)
Inversion
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The toes move upwards, away from the floor (i.e. lifting the toes up)
Toe extension
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The long axis of the foot born rotates downward, decreasing the longitudinal arch of the foot (flat footed)
Pronation
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The scapula moves upward and away from the ribcage.
Elevation
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The medial border moves closer to the vertebral column, and the lateral angle moves posteriorly.
Retraction (adduction)
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The scapula moves downward and fits move snugly against the ribcage.
Depression
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The medial border moves away from the vertebral column, and the lateral angle moves anteriorly.
Protraction (abduction)
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What is the agonist (prime mover)?
The muscle most directly involved in the movement
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What is the muscle on the opposite side of the joint to the agonist that assists in joint stabilization and can slow down or stop the intended movement by being activated
Antagonist
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What is the synergist?
A muscle that assists the prime mover in a movement
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What is the stabilizer?
A muscle that stabilizes a joint, usually by contracting isometrically as a joint is moved.
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What is this?
Muscles of the anterior torso
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Internal oblique
82
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External oblique
83
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Rectus Abdominis
84
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Transverse abdominis
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What is this?
Muscles of the posterior torso
86
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Iliocostalis muscle
87
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Spinalis muscle
88
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Longissimus muscle
89
What is this?
Muscles of the shoulder girdle joint
90
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Trapezius
91
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Levator Scapula
92
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Rhomboid minor
93
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Rhomboid major
94
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Serratus Anterior
95
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Pectoralis minor
96
What is this?
Anterior muscles of the shoulder joint
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Pectoralis major
98
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Anterior deltoid
99
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Medial deltoid
100
What is this?
Posterior muscles of the shoulder joint