This theory describes how Earth started from a solid mass smaller than its present size.

explains that the solar system formed as a result of a near collision between a passing star and the sun.

proposes that the planets were formed from the material ejected from the sun during an encounter with another celestial object, such as another star.

The __ is a combination of big crunch and big bang.

two forms of encounter theory

is another view that proposes that the universe has always been expanding. ∙ As the universe expands, new stars and galaxies are formed at the same rate that old ones become unobservable due to distance and recession velocity.

The __ is literally everything, the sum of all existence.

according to this theory, the solar system originated from a nebula. • It is the widely accepted view about the formation of the solar system some 4.5 billion years ago.

Who are the pioneers of Steady State?

is defined by NASA as giant cloud of gas and dust in space. • This interstellar cloud of dust contains hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases.

It proposes that a passing star termed as intruding star nearly collided with the protosun. • The massive gravitational pull of the intruding star causes the protosun to eject filaments of material which then condensed into planetesimals.

an area predicted to be in the core of a black hole with very high temperature and density. • The intense heat resulted to formation of matter and antimatter particles that were destroyed every time they collided with each other.

the residue or heat leftover from the Big Bang.

It has no beginning and end

Oscillating Universe Theory is also known as

also known as pulsating theory, proposes that the universe is expanding and will contract once all the energy after the big bang has been used up. • Then, it will expand again once it approaches the point of singularity.

These elements were formed through the fusion of protons and neutrons immediately after the Big Bang. ∙

It is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now

This theory proposes that the hot gas from the passing star condensed into planets instead of condensing into planetesimals.

is the formation of elements, such as H and He. ∙ Presence of these elements led to the formation of stars and galaxies. ∙ The presence of stars led to the formation of other cosmic bodies such as planets, comets, and asteroids.

who are the Pioneers of The Big bang theory?

occurs when the universe expands and eventually reverses, then collapses causing the formation of a singularity.