general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research. it describe either explicitly or implicitly, the purpose of the qualitative research the role of the researcher...

any research that does not include numbers

aims to explore, discover, understand or describe phenomena that have already been identified but are not well understood

type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study

type of educational research in which the researcher relies on the views of the participants

use words rather than numbers to describe findings

assume a dynamic reality

emphasize seeing the world from the perspective of the participants

goal is understanding rather than prediction

emphasize the subjective dimensions of human experiences

holistic rather than reductionistic

associated with the interpretative approach which is discovery oriented, explanatory, descriptive, and inductive in nature

types of qualitative research design

ethnography came from the greek word ____ which means _____. and _____ which means _____

often used in the social sciences, particularly in anthropology and in sociology

often employed for gathering empirical data on human societies/culture

ethnography data collection is often done through?

aims to describe the nature of those who studied through writing

focuses on the culture of group of people

types of ethnography

ethnography researcher can study BROADLY defined culture in what is sometimes referred to as ______

ethnography researcher focus on more NARROWLY defined ones referred to as _____

a qualitative research method used by anthropologist to describe a culture

its approach is: culture has many definitions but usually consists of origin, values, roles and material items associated with a particular group of people

two basic research approach in anthropology

involve studying behavior from within the culture

involve studying behavior from outside the culture and examining similarities and difference across cultures

immerses the project team in participant's lives and enables a relationship to develop with research participants over the period of study

provide a rich source of visual data and helps to reveal unarticulated needs

captures behavior in the different contexts of everyday life

places a human face on data through real life stories that teams can relate to and remember

provides understanding behind "statistics"

allows emotional behavior to be captured

by carrying out research in the everyday life environments of participants, it helps to identify disperancies between what people say they do and what they actually do

investigate complex issue

a voice for understanding

expansive and difficult

disadvantage is ethics

20th century philosophical movement dedicated to describing the structure of experience as they present themselves to consciousness, without resources to theory, deduction, or assumptions from other discipline, such as the natural sciences

describes the meaning of the lived experiences about a concept or a phenomenon for several individuals

seeks to achieve a deep understanding of the phenomenon by rigorous, systematic examination of it

its purpose is to describe the essences of lived experiences

whatever is known must appear in consciousness

consciousness provides access to the world

all phenomenologists believe in multiple realities constructed by individuals within the social context of their lives

focus is to describe the meaning of the lived experience from the perspective of the participant

broad question: "what is the meaning of one's lived experience?"

central overarching question & subquestions

an inductive technique developed for health related topics by Glaser and Strauss

emerged from the discipline of sociology

the term _____ means that the theory developed from the research is "grounded" or has its roots in the data form which it was derived

symbolic interactionism

humans react to things on the basis of meanings that events have for them in everyday life

meaning are derived from social situations

meanings are shaped by dealing with others

question may not be explicitly stated but can be implied from the purpose

question is broad & may change several times as data are analyzed

basic social process

what is the process of...

the researcher should not predetermine a priori about what he will find, and what and how social phenomena should be viewed

its value is that it avoids making assumptions and instead adopts a more neutral view of human action in a social context

provides a methodology to develop an understanding of social phenomena that is not pre formed or pre theoretically developed with existing theories and paradigms

you are exploring a topic that hasn't been widely reached

you want to understand complex real world behaviors

no existing theory that explains the phenomenon

the existing theory is incomplete

types of grounded theory

type of grounded theory that is ideal when you want to explore Jew or emerging phenomena and don't want your research influenced by existing theories or assumptions

type of grounded theory which is the world's best when you need a structured step by step process to organize large amount of data

type of grounded theory that is perfect when you want to involve your participants in the theory-building process and focus on subjective experience

the systemic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrence....

this include higher critism and textual criticism. though items may very depending on the subject matter...

its purpose is to make people aware of what has happened in the past so they may learn from past failures and successes

its purpose is to learn how things were done in the past to see if they might be applicable to present day problems and concerns

its purpose is to assist in prediction

its purpose is to test hypothesis concerns relationships or trends

its purpose is to understand present educational practices and policies more fully

a detailed study of a specific subject...

a qualitative research kind which allows the researcher to have an intensive analysis of the phenomenon

the aim of the study is to accurately describe the case through an in-depth examination of a single person or single institution

a research approach that is used to generate an in-depth, multi-faceted understanding of a complex issue in its real life context

an established research design that is used extensively in a wide variety of disciplines...

an appropriate research design when you want to gain concrete, contextual, in-depth knowledge about a specific real world subject

it allows you to explore the key characteristics, meanings, and implications of the case