問題一覧
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two main components of transport governance;
ownership, operations
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In rejecting the former paradigm of building capacity, transport planners have turned increasingly to manage both demand and the transport system.
transport demand management
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A disaster results in significant and unexpected damage to people and infrastructure, often due to inadequate risk assessment and prepareness.
transportation and disruption
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Policy instruments
public ownership, subsidies and taxation, regulatory control, research and development, labor regulations, safety and standards
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MOST ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF A NATION RELY ON DISTRIBUTION, DISRUPTION MAY COMPROMISE NATIONAL SECURITY OVER THESE ISSUES:
transportation supply, transportation readiness, transportation vulnerability, illegal use of transportation
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is the means by which governments attempt to reconcile social, political, economic, and environmental goals and aspirations with reality.
public policy
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Examples of Pricing Mechanisms
high cost of parking, electronic tolls in highways, high vehicle licenses, surge pricing, congestion or cordon pricing
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LIST OF CONTENTS
Transport Planning and Policy, Transport Planning and Governance, Transport Safety and Security, Transportation Disruption and Resilience
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THERE WERE FOUR MAJOR STEPS IN THIS STANDARD APPROACH
trip distribution, trip generation, modal split, trip assignment
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deals with the preparation and implementation of actions design to address specific problems
transport planning
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Reflect the interests of decision-makers and their approaches to solving transport problems.
public policies
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involves who is the owner of the terminal site and facilities (including equipment):
ownership
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The ability of a transportation system to withstand and recover from disruptions, such as natural disasters, accidents, or intentional attacks.
transportation resilience
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Planning is commonly scale- specific and multidimensional. Just as urban planning requires the inputs of many specialists, transport planning is beginning to utilize multi- disciplinary teams in order to broaden the scope of the planning process.
contemporary transport planning
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A SAMPLE OF WELL-PRACTICED & SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTIONS INCLUDES:
park and ride, traffic calming, priority lanes for buses, promoting bicycle use, car sharing, enhancing pedestrian areas, improving public transit, parking management
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Historical examples of private transport infrastructures and services .
turnpikes, canals, urban transit, ships, railways
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Restoring transportation systems to their pre- disruption state
recovery
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Taking steps to reduce the severity of disruptions.
mitigation
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Key factors impacting on the threats and risk level of disasters on transportation system.
increased mobility, infrastructure and economic interdepency, centralization and concentration of distribution, urbanization
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involve the day-to- day management and carrying out of terminal activities:
operations
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TYPES OF DISRUPTIONS IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
natural disruptions, anthropogenic disruptions
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PLANNING IS A MULTI-STEP PROCESS, BUT IT HAS CHANGED CONSIDERABLY:
goals and objectives, options, identification of actors, institutions, and stakeholders, predicting outcomes, identifying benefits, and assessing costs, merge, acquisition, and alliances
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is the process of creating guidelines or rules and strategies to improve transport system. Public policies reflect the interests of decision-makers and their approaches to solving transport problems.Policy development is the process of creating guidelines or rules and strategies to improve transport system.
policy development
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While planning interventions may positively affect transport demand, a more direct approach involving imposing more stringent cost measures on users can be an option.
pricing
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Implementing immediate actions to address the disruption.
response
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The trends in transport policy in recent decades have been toward liberalization and privatization. This has not necessarily weakened the role of governments and their interventions in transportation. Quite the opposite, government regulatory oversight is well established and enforced.
changing nature of policy interventions
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Identifying potential risks and their potential impact.
risk assessment
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TRANSPORT ISSUES THAT NEED TO BE ADDRESSED
national security, public safety and the environment, monopolistic tendency, limit foreign ownership
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deals with developing a set of constructs and propositions that are established to achieve specific objectives relating to social, economic, and environmental conditions, and the functioning and performance of the transport system.
transport policy
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_________________ for transport is made up of a large number of small interventions that cumulatively can impact car use, but in particular, improve the livability of cities.
managing the demand