問題一覧
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4. How much is the risk of progression from latent to active TB?
5-10%
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9. They account for about 50% of all pneumonia cases, and several cases are associated with community-acquired atypical pneumonia.
Viruses
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14. Although considered to be the gold standard in the diagnosis of TB, what is the biggest disadvantage of cultures?
long waiting time for the results
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16. In the patient suspected of having tuberculosis, what finding on Gram stain would result in the initiation of antituberculosis medications?
acid-fast bacilli
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19. Via what route is tuberculosis spread?
inhaled particles
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3. The ideal clinical specimen for pulmonary TB diagnosis is:
Sputum
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2. What antibiotic is the drug of choice for the patient with nonresistant S. pneumoniae?
penicillin
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4. All of the following are considered to be normal causative agents for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) EXCEPT:
Candida albicans.
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6. If an HIV-infected patient has an adverse reaction to the treatment of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, what treatment should be instituted?
pentamidine
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13. If a patient has pneumonia, which of the following can increase the risk of life-threatening illness or death? 1. Weakened immune system 2. COPD 3. Marfan’s syndrome 4. Heart disease
1, 2, 4
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12. It is the most common cause of acquired atypical pneumonia.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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17. A patient comes into the emergency department presenting with signs and symptoms of pneumonia. While taking the patient’s history, it is determined that 2.5 months ago the patient spent 3 days in the hospital for acute angina. Since then, the patient has been stable on medication. What type of pneumonia is this patient most likely to have?
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
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12. What is causing TB to become a serious public health problem?
All of the above
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19. Which of the following pulmonary infections is most commonly seen in patients with AIDS?
Pneumocystis jirovecii
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7. Which of the following mechanisms is an uncommon route for the spread of pneumonia?
through the bloodstream
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11. Ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that develops:
more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation.
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5. It is the leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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10. What makes TB hard to diagnose?
The disease may take years to become active
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14. The mortality of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae is very high because of frequent complications with
septicemia
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7. Positive reactions to the Mantoux test develop not only in individuals previously exposed to M. tuberculosis but also in those previously immunized with the BCG vaccine.
True
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3. What is the most common identified cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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8. Which of the following can cause pneumonia? 1. Bacteria 2. Viruses 3. Prions 4. Fungi
1, 2, 4
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8. How is TB diagnosed?
All of the above
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13. Which of the following diagnostics tests is intended for latent tuberculosis infection?
Interferon-gamma release assay (lGRA)
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18. Which of the following statements is FALSE about chest X-rays for TB diagnosis:
Chest X-rays alone are sufficient to diagnose pulmonary TB
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5. How is TB treated?
Antibiotics
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16. The term atypical refers to the following, except
there is alveolar consolidation
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9. Which of the following diagnostics tests can be used to diagnose drug resistant tuberculosis?
Liquid culture
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6. The following are nonspecific symptoms of PTB, except
high grade fever
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15. A 26-year-old seasonal worker from South America came to the ER with a history of a dry, hacking blood-tinged cough, fever, chills and loss of appetite. The chest x-ray showed cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe. After a week in the hospital the sputum culture shows the present of acid-fast stained organisms. Which of the following medications would you recommend for this patient at this time? 1. ceftizoxime 2. isoniazid 3. rifampin 4. ethambutol
2, 3, and 4
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17. How do you get TB?
Through the air
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20. Your patient has community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following symptoms are common with this type of pneumonia? 1. cough with purulent sputum 2. diarrhea 3. high fever 4. shaking chills
1, 2, 3, and 4
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18. Overall, most cases of pneumonia are caused by
viruses
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1. What are the symptoms of active TB?
All of the above
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11. The disadvantages of using liquid media for finding M. tuberculosis are the following, except
requires specialized training
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1. Patients with this type of pneumonia usually have granulomatous inflammation, which is often due to bacteria or fungi.
Chronic pneumonia
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15. Common causes of necrotizing pneumonia include the following, except
aerobic bacteria
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10. Pneumonia caused by this type of H. influenzae is seen most often in children aged 1 month to 6 years old.
type B
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2. Microbiological tests used to diagnosis TB include the following, except
Immunological tests