wavelength is defined as the number of cycles per second

to achieve deeper tissue penetration the wavelength must be increased

continuous shortwave diathermy produces thermal effects

which is not an electromagnetic energy modality?

Sound or radiaton waves that change direction when passing from one type of tissue to another are said to

which states that if superficial tissue does not absorb energy it must be transmitted deeper

According to cosine law, to minimize reflection and maximise absorption, energy source must be at What angle to the surface

Electrical stimulating currents may produce the following effects

Thermal energy modalities generally affect superficial tissue up to how deep

Based on their different characteristics, which travels at a greater velocity through human tissue

Loss of function is a sign of inflammatory process

Leukocytes are present in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses

An injured individuals health, age and nutrition are factors that influence healing

Healing process is

Which type of cell has phagocytic characteristics

Extracellulae matrix consists of

During inflammatory response phase of healing modalities are used to

Which law states that bone and soft tissue remodel and realign according to the physical demand placed on them

Aproximately how long does the maturation remodeling phase last

Which is not a chemical mediator involved in inflammatory responde phase

Applying hear or cold to an extremity will affect balance, proprioception and performance

Cold Whirlpools should be set at a temperature of 50-60F

Cryokinetics is a therapeutic technique that combines cryotherapy and exercise

This mechanism of heat transfer is through direct contact

___ should be used on acute injuries to ___ temperature and slow down metabolic rate

Stages of sensation following cold application in order are

An insulating layer of water next to the skin is called

Which is not an effect of thermotherapy

Which is a contraindication for cryotherapy

In what condition would thermotherapy be indicated

Penetration and absorption are inversely related

3 MHz frequency ultrasound is absorbed deeper and faster than 1MHz

A low beam nonuniformity ratio results in unesen heating

The decrease in energy intensity of the ultrasound wave as it is scattered and dispersed while Traveling through various tissues is know as

What can develop when standing waves form at tissue interfaces and reflected energy meets transmitted energy increasing the intensity

Which is not a nonthermal effect of ultrasound

Which is the least effective ultrasound coupling method

Ultrasound may be used to treat

What uses ultrasound to drive molecules of medication into the skin

The goal of traction is to encourage movement of spine and decrease patients symptoms

Ligament deformation due to traction should occur during slow loading

Traction may be only applied with a machine

In reducing disk herniation What protrudes

Traction has effects ok

What is the most common problem traction treats

Which is not a contraindication to traction

How long should intermittent manual cervical traction be applied

If traction treatments are resulting in no change in symptoms or a worsening of symptoms the treatment should be

What is appropriate range of force to be used on a patient while performing mechanical lumbar traction

One of the roles of lymphatic system is to remove exces proteins from interstitial fluid

The lymphatic system runs parallel to the arterial system

None of the lymphatic vessels has muscular lininge

Excessive accumulation of lymph fluid in subcutaneous tissues is called

Lymph is composed of

Which are responsible for lymph movement

At What minimum setting should the pressure be when using intermittent pneumatic compression

How long should intermittent pneumatic compression treatments last

What may be combined with compression treatment

Which is not a contraindication to intermittent pneumatic compression

Vibratory amplitude is the primary determinant of effective vibratory stimuli

Vibratory stimuli have no effect on bone healing in humans

Whole body vibration and local muscle vibration both induce gravitational loading

Vibration therapy can have adverse effects if a patient is exposed for too long or a higher frequency

Greater improvements in clinical outcomes are typically noted in healthy subjects compared to injured or diseased people

Vibration therapy with traditional rehabilitation can be effective for treating

The range of vibration frequencies necessary to elicit gains in muscle strength is

Vibration therapy has been demostrated to improve dynamic postural control in individuals with

Vibration integrated into traditional rehabilitation following ACL recontruction has been demostrated to improve