Aristotle promoted abortion as a form of birth control for families wih too many children. Hippocrates bound his followers to avoid the practice.

In their 20s

17%

60%

37%

70%

40%

10%

90%

60%

1.31 million

Real, Immediate, and Personal

Pro life and Pro choice

Advocates in favor of intact dilation and evacuation

Advocates the term “partial birth abortion.”

Legalized a woman’s right to have an abortion. However, this right was not considered unrestricted.

The state has little right to regulate the process, and the decision is that of the woman and her physician

The state’s interests increases, at least in the area of protecting the health of the woman. Only those regulations that are directed toward this concern will be upheld as legitimate.

Begins at the 28th week of gestation. This is where the court allowed the state to shift its interests to the protection of the fetus.

It was used historically only in postnatal situations

The court held that once viable, the fetus cannot be aborted except in those cases where the procedure is essential for the protection of the woman’s life

The constitution makes no reference to abortions Abortion is not “deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition” Abortion is “fundamentally differen” than the subjects of related court decisions because it involves the taking of a life Womens voices on abortion have not been heard States have legitimate interests in regulating abortion Roe’s reasoning was exceedingly weak State concensus on abortion existed before Roe The supreme court cant settle the abortion debate, but legislators may

Statutory provision that required a woman to recieve her husband’s, or if a minor, her parent’s or guardian’s permission prior to having an abortion. The court held that these requirements were unconsttutional.

A negative right, in that it provides liberty only from interference

Restricted the avilability of Medicare funding for abortions. Later modified to allow funding for abortions in those cases in which the mother’s life was threatened by carrying the fetus full term or in ases of incest or rape.

While abortion was still legal, it had become the privilege of the rich. It does primarily affect the poor women.

Court held that a state could ban public employees and public health facilities from performing or assisting in performing non therapeutic abortions

Saves the mother’s life

State legislatures in the NE and on the W coast have consistently supported abortion rights. However, legislatures in a substantial number of states hae increasingly passed restrictive laws designed to stop or slow the process.

Those concerning personhood, sanctity of life, autonomy, and mercy - as well as larger concepts sch as freedom and social stability.

Denotes individual bings who are moral agents who engage in behavior that can be evaluated as moral or immoral, as morally right or wrong, as morally permissible, or morally impermissible. Their acts are blameworthy or praiseworthy. It makes sense to hold them morally responsible for their intentional actions.

Anti-abortion, believes abortion is murder and should be stopped

Believes that the decision to abort is one of personal liberty and thus should be legal

The theological or philosophical understanding that all human life has an inherent dignity, worth, and sacredness that sets itapart from all other beings within the world. This perspective does not assert that human life is sacred in the sense of being divine, but that its very essence is distinct whithin the biological world and of incalculable worth, thus warranting protection throughout the course of its entire existence

Fetus is a live human Killing him or her is wrong Generally allow for a few exceptions Human life is thought to be sacred, or atleast inviolabe, on the basis of divine mandate, unalienable natural or human rights, or common collective decision.

Having a genetic code of a human being is what is essential

Union of the sperm and egg

Full genetic code that will determine the sex, hair color, skin color, and a variety of other attributes

Zygote that settled into the uterine wall

At 8 weeks

At 2nd Trimester (17-20 weeks)

5th month

6th month (22-24 weeks)

Last Trimester

If someone is about to kill you, and the only way to save yourself is to kill the other person first, then killing is permissible. You may not, for example, kill an innocent person who threatens your life by accdent.

Asks us to distinguish the intended effect of an action from other, unintended effects

Used to justify the death of fetuses under certain circumstances that threaten the life of mother. It is permissible only if the death of the fetus is an indirect cause of the fetus.

One is human by virtue of one’s genetic code. A person is a member of the moral community

Member of the moral community Consciousness of objects and events The ability to feel pain Reasoning Self motivated activity The capacity to communicate A concept of the self

8th week, when brain activity becomes detectable

Focuses on the characteristic of biological independence. A fetus only has standing when it becomes viable outside the mother.

Personhood is not a natural property that one can discern, like sodium in salt. It is a moral property, which means it is a matter of human decision whether to grant it to an entity.

The violinist analogy Th rapidly growing child analogy The carpet seed children analogy

If it is morally permissible to unhook ourselves from the violinist, then, by the same reasoning, it must also be permissible to have an abortion, and this is true even if we regard the fetus as a person

This analogy attempts to call attention to the case of abortion when the mother’s life is in danger

Call the attention to the case of failed contraception

They argue that if a woman is to be free, she must have control over her reproduction, and that, given the immense responsibilty of raising children, it is crucial that women be allowed to determine when it happens

What is crucial is that a woman have control over life plan in the way a man has control

The root of abortion problem is precisely the modern attitude toward sex. Differing ideas concerning sexuality, ideas that ultimately come down to one’s religious or most deeply held moral beliefs

Worry about the inevitable “backstreet abortion” if abortion is made illegal. Worry about the quality of women’s lives are denied the basic autonomy of reproductive self control

Will see the social problem as just another manifestation of the rampant immortality of the modern age. Considers the element of autonomy in reproduction more of a matter of “convenience” than a life plan

They believe that sex should be reserved for marriage; Pro life activists

More career oriented with higher incomes. They also tend to believe that sex is a natural expression of oneself; Pro choice activists

One cannot murder or steal and then argue that it should be allowed because it is part of their religion. Since the issue is whether abortion is murder, the freedom of religion does not come into play

They tend to reflect one’s most deeply held beliefs, so even if the views are not religious in the partisan sense, they are equally profound

Tolerance

Pro choice: The changing needs of women and modern social conditions Pro life: Decline in moral standards

See humans as members of a biotic community Duty to maintain a balance of numbers with other members of the community Maintain and lerhaps encourage use of abortion as a tool to control world population Aggressive attitude toward family planning

Asks why we should favor accidental babies over planned babies. Given that people have the right to choose the size of their family - something that will be necessary in thr long run anyway - it makes sense that they should also have the right to choose at what point they will have their children.

Another example of the decadent culture of permissiveness

Eggs are removed from a woman and fertilized in a laboratory dish. Embryos are then implanted in a woman, where the egg may be brought to term

Extra, or “Spare” Embryo Implantation process may fail and thus have to be repeated The process involves the freezing of embryos, rating them for quality, discarding those that hold genetic defects, and at some future time, for those that are not needed, thawing them and disposing of them

Women could postpone pregnancy without risking infertility or the diseases of pregnancy Identify Genetic abnormalities Embryonic use in medical research

When a woman agrees to carry a baby to term and give it up to another set of parents to raise. Sometimes this is done for money, sometimes as a favor

Pregnancy is viewed as deeply pesonal experience that should never be undergone for the sake of others. On the other hand, it is for this very reason that it can be a supreme gift to anoher

Finds the whole practice of surrogacy problematic since the birth mother is clearly being used as an incubator and not regarded as a rational actor

They are faced with very complicated utility calculations

Abortion issue is not essentially a health issue but rather a social issue that takes place in the health care arena