renal

60問 • 2年前

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問題一覧

which of the following is not a principle function of the renal system

digestion

the excretory function of the renal system is performed by the

kidneys

in healthy individuals, urine is a fluid containing each of the following except

proteins

all of the following are components of the urinary tract except

kidney

which of the following are specifically involved with the elimination of urine (urination, micturition)

urinary bladder and urethra

the urinary system regulates blood volume and blood pressure principally by adjusting the ? lost in urine

volume of water

the urinary system regulates ? concentrations of sodium, potassium? chloride and other ions by controlling the quantities lost in urine

plasma

the urinary system helps stabilise ? by controlling the loss of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in urine

blood pH

the urinary system conserves valuable nutrients by preventing their excretion in urine whilst excreting organic waste products such as

urea

the urinary system assists the ? in detoxifying poisons and during starvation altering amino acids to other tissues can more easily break them down

liver

which of the following is one of the two principal layers of the kidney

renal medulla

urine production begins in microscopic, tubular structure called

nephrons

the basic functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

each nephron contains

renal tubule

the capillary network of the renal corpuscle is known as the

glomerulus

the renal corpuscle is the site where the process of ? occurs and in this process, blood pressure forces water and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries

filtration

the kidneys have a rich renal blood supply and glomerular filtration is affected by ? pressure

renal arteriole

filtration produces an essentially protein free solution, known as filtrate which is similar to

blood plasma

from the renal corpuscle, filtrate enters the renal tubule, which is responsible for all of the following except

synthesising uric acid from nitrogenous waste

which of the following is not a component of the renal tubule

bowman’s capsule

the part of the renal tubule that lies in the renal medulla is

loop of henle

regions of the nephron vary in structure and function and as filtrate moves along the tubule it gradually changes in

composition

each nephron empties into the ? - a series of tubes that carry tubular fluid away from the nephron

collecting system

proximal convulated tubule is the first segment of the renal tubule and absorbs all of the following from the tubular fluid except

uric acid

Which of the parts of the loop of henle is permeable to water

descending limb

which of the following ions I’m not absorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop od henle

magnesium

which of the following processes does not occur in the distal convulated tubule

passive reabsorption of ammonia and calcium ions

which of the following is not a waste product in excretion of urine

fatty acids

steps involved in urine formation include each of the following except

tubular filtration

in filtration, blood pressure forces ? across the wall of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space

water and solutes

reabsorption is the removal of substances from the filtrate, across the tubular epithelium and into the peritubular fluid before eventually re entering the

blood

secretion is the transport of solutes from the ? fluid, across the tubular epithelium and into the tubular fluid

peritubular

the glomerular filtration rate is the amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each

minute

glomerular filtration rate is principally controlled by each of the following processes except

temperature regulation

which substance released from the adrenal cortex, acts on the nephron to increase tubular reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions

aldosterone

water diuresis results from excessive water ingestion and is principally due to a decrease in

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

? diuresis results from large quantities of unreabsorbed solutes in the renal tubules

osmotic

alcohol intake increases urine production by a similar mechanism to ?, namely inhibiting ADH secretion

excessive water intake

emptying the urinary bladder is a spinal reflex regulated by

higher brain centres

age related changes in the urinary system include which of the following

problems with the micturition reflex

the presence in the urine of osmotic diuretics such as mannitol raises urine osmolality, which causes

generally increases urine volume and fluid loss

what effect will aldosterone blocking agents have on urine production

block sodium reabsorption, increase urine volume

inflammation of the kidneys causes the kidneys to swell. this resulting increase in hydrostatic pressure within the kidney

lowers glomerular filtration rate and thus urine production

the presence of glucose in urine

indicative of diabetes mellitus

about 80% of the water is reabsorbed into the blood from the

obligatory reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule

glomerular pressure is due to a variation in the size of the afferent and efferent arterioles. how does the afferent arteriole differ in size from the efferent arteriole

afferent arteriole has a larger diameter

which of the following does not control glomerular filtration rate

water reabsorption

urine formation requires which of the following

glom filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

what is the term for the chemical and physical analysis of the urine sample

urinalysis

what is the major process that occurs in the loop of henle

water and ion reabsorption

urine volume and osmotic concentration are primarily regulated by

control of water reabsorption

when does urine production end

when tubular fluid enters the renal pelvis

glucose reabsorbtion occurs in the

proximal tubule

the control of blood pH by the kidneys during acidosis involves

the secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3- fro the tubular fluid

when ADH levels rise

the amount of water reabsorbed increases

which of the following is not considered to be a normal filtrate component

large protein

sympathetic activation of the nerve fibres in the nephron causes

all of the other options

when the osmolality of the blood increases

blood volume tends to increase in response

the ability of the kidneys to produce either hyperosmotic or hyposmotic urine depends on part on the

countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the loop of henle

which of the following indicates kidney failure

protein in urine

concepts

concepts

muscle

muscle

nervous

nervous

reproductive

reproductive

gastro

gastro

endocrine

endocrine

respiratory

respiratory

bodily fluids

bodily fluids

cardiovascular

cardiovascular

問題一覧

which of the following is not a principle function of the renal system

digestion

the excretory function of the renal system is performed by the

kidneys

in healthy individuals, urine is a fluid containing each of the following except

proteins

all of the following are components of the urinary tract except

kidney

which of the following are specifically involved with the elimination of urine (urination, micturition)

urinary bladder and urethra

the urinary system regulates blood volume and blood pressure principally by adjusting the ? lost in urine

volume of water

the urinary system regulates ? concentrations of sodium, potassium? chloride and other ions by controlling the quantities lost in urine

plasma

the urinary system helps stabilise ? by controlling the loss of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in urine

blood pH

the urinary system conserves valuable nutrients by preventing their excretion in urine whilst excreting organic waste products such as

urea

the urinary system assists the ? in detoxifying poisons and during starvation altering amino acids to other tissues can more easily break them down

liver

which of the following is one of the two principal layers of the kidney

renal medulla

urine production begins in microscopic, tubular structure called

nephrons

the basic functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

each nephron contains

renal tubule

the capillary network of the renal corpuscle is known as the

glomerulus

the renal corpuscle is the site where the process of ? occurs and in this process, blood pressure forces water and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries

filtration

the kidneys have a rich renal blood supply and glomerular filtration is affected by ? pressure

renal arteriole

filtration produces an essentially protein free solution, known as filtrate which is similar to

blood plasma

from the renal corpuscle, filtrate enters the renal tubule, which is responsible for all of the following except

synthesising uric acid from nitrogenous waste

which of the following is not a component of the renal tubule

bowman’s capsule

the part of the renal tubule that lies in the renal medulla is

loop of henle

regions of the nephron vary in structure and function and as filtrate moves along the tubule it gradually changes in

composition

each nephron empties into the ? - a series of tubes that carry tubular fluid away from the nephron

collecting system

proximal convulated tubule is the first segment of the renal tubule and absorbs all of the following from the tubular fluid except

uric acid

Which of the parts of the loop of henle is permeable to water

descending limb

which of the following ions I’m not absorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop od henle

magnesium

which of the following processes does not occur in the distal convulated tubule

passive reabsorption of ammonia and calcium ions

which of the following is not a waste product in excretion of urine

fatty acids

steps involved in urine formation include each of the following except

tubular filtration

in filtration, blood pressure forces ? across the wall of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space

water and solutes

reabsorption is the removal of substances from the filtrate, across the tubular epithelium and into the peritubular fluid before eventually re entering the

blood

secretion is the transport of solutes from the ? fluid, across the tubular epithelium and into the tubular fluid

peritubular

the glomerular filtration rate is the amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each

minute

glomerular filtration rate is principally controlled by each of the following processes except

temperature regulation

which substance released from the adrenal cortex, acts on the nephron to increase tubular reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions

aldosterone

water diuresis results from excessive water ingestion and is principally due to a decrease in

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

? diuresis results from large quantities of unreabsorbed solutes in the renal tubules

osmotic

alcohol intake increases urine production by a similar mechanism to ?, namely inhibiting ADH secretion

excessive water intake

emptying the urinary bladder is a spinal reflex regulated by

higher brain centres

age related changes in the urinary system include which of the following

problems with the micturition reflex

the presence in the urine of osmotic diuretics such as mannitol raises urine osmolality, which causes

generally increases urine volume and fluid loss

what effect will aldosterone blocking agents have on urine production

block sodium reabsorption, increase urine volume

inflammation of the kidneys causes the kidneys to swell. this resulting increase in hydrostatic pressure within the kidney

lowers glomerular filtration rate and thus urine production

the presence of glucose in urine

indicative of diabetes mellitus

about 80% of the water is reabsorbed into the blood from the

obligatory reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule

glomerular pressure is due to a variation in the size of the afferent and efferent arterioles. how does the afferent arteriole differ in size from the efferent arteriole

afferent arteriole has a larger diameter

which of the following does not control glomerular filtration rate

water reabsorption

urine formation requires which of the following

glom filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

what is the term for the chemical and physical analysis of the urine sample

urinalysis

what is the major process that occurs in the loop of henle

water and ion reabsorption

urine volume and osmotic concentration are primarily regulated by

control of water reabsorption

when does urine production end

when tubular fluid enters the renal pelvis

glucose reabsorbtion occurs in the

proximal tubule

the control of blood pH by the kidneys during acidosis involves

the secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3- fro the tubular fluid

when ADH levels rise

the amount of water reabsorbed increases

which of the following is not considered to be a normal filtrate component

large protein

sympathetic activation of the nerve fibres in the nephron causes

all of the other options

when the osmolality of the blood increases

blood volume tends to increase in response

the ability of the kidneys to produce either hyperosmotic or hyposmotic urine depends on part on the

countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the loop of henle

which of the following indicates kidney failure

protein in urine