urine formation requires which of the following

which substance released from the adrenal cortex, acts on the nephron to increase tubular reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions

the control of blood pH by the kidneys during acidosis involves

the urinary system assists the ? in detoxifying poisons and during starvation altering amino acids to other tissues can more easily break them down

the presence of glucose in urine

each nephron contains

which of the following is not a component of the renal tubule

emptying the urinary bladder is a spinal reflex regulated by

which of the following does not control glomerular filtration rate

? diuresis results from large quantities of unreabsorbed solutes in the renal tubules

the excretory function of the renal system is performed by the

the presence in the urine of osmotic diuretics such as mannitol raises urine osmolality, which causes

each nephron empties into the ? - a series of tubes that carry tubular fluid away from the nephron

which of the following indicates kidney failure

urine volume and osmotic concentration are primarily regulated by

the part of the renal tubule that lies in the renal medulla is

which of the following ions I’m not absorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop od henle

reabsorption is the removal of substances from the filtrate, across the tubular epithelium and into the peritubular fluid before eventually re entering the

about 80% of the water is reabsorbed into the blood from the

glomerular filtration rate is principally controlled by each of the following processes except

the capillary network of the renal corpuscle is known as the

age related changes in the urinary system include which of the following

when does urine production end

sympathetic activation of the nerve fibres in the nephron causes

the ability of the kidneys to produce either hyperosmotic or hyposmotic urine depends on part on the

the glomerular filtration rate is the amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each

Which of the parts of the loop of henle is permeable to water

what is the major process that occurs in the loop of henle

which of the following processes does not occur in the distal convulated tubule

from the renal corpuscle, filtrate enters the renal tubule, which is responsible for all of the following except

water diuresis results from excessive water ingestion and is principally due to a decrease in

the renal corpuscle is the site where the process of ? occurs and in this process, blood pressure forces water and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries

what effect will aldosterone blocking agents have on urine production

steps involved in urine formation include each of the following except

which of the following is not a waste product in excretion of urine

when the osmolality of the blood increases

which of the following is not a principle function of the renal system

glomerular pressure is due to a variation in the size of the afferent and efferent arterioles. how does the afferent arteriole differ in size from the efferent arteriole

which of the following is one of the two principal layers of the kidney

when ADH levels rise

proximal convulated tubule is the first segment of the renal tubule and absorbs all of the following from the tubular fluid except

the urinary system conserves valuable nutrients by preventing their excretion in urine whilst excreting organic waste products such as

filtration produces an essentially protein free solution, known as filtrate which is similar to

the urinary system regulates ? concentrations of sodium, potassium? chloride and other ions by controlling the quantities lost in urine

the kidneys have a rich renal blood supply and glomerular filtration is affected by ? pressure

alcohol intake increases urine production by a similar mechanism to ?, namely inhibiting ADH secretion

the basic functional unit of the kidney is the

which of the following are specifically involved with the elimination of urine (urination, micturition)

all of the following are components of the urinary tract except

urine production begins in microscopic, tubular structure called

secretion is the transport of solutes from the ? fluid, across the tubular epithelium and into the tubular fluid

in filtration, blood pressure forces ? across the wall of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space

what is the term for the chemical and physical analysis of the urine sample

regions of the nephron vary in structure and function and as filtrate moves along the tubule it gradually changes in

the urinary system helps stabilise ? by controlling the loss of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in urine

inflammation of the kidneys causes the kidneys to swell. this resulting increase in hydrostatic pressure within the kidney

glucose reabsorbtion occurs in the

the urinary system regulates blood volume and blood pressure principally by adjusting the ? lost in urine

in healthy individuals, urine is a fluid containing each of the following except

which of the following is not considered to be a normal filtrate component