問題一覧
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investigates the structure of the body
anatomy
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deals with the processes or functions of living things
physiology
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Two major parts of the cell
nucleus, cytoplasm
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Structure separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm
nuclear membrane
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Part of cell that contains genetic information
nucleus
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A fluid-like that holds organelles in place
cytoplasm
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Main site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
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Has ribosomes attached to it; site of protein synthesis
rough er
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Modifies protein structure & packages protein in secretory vesicles
golgi apparatus
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Structure separating nucleus from cytoplasm
nuclear membrane
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"Container" for organelles and cytoplasm that is selectively permeable
cell membrane
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Components inside the cell
intracellular
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Components outside the cell
extracellular
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Does not require the cell to expend energy
passive membrane transport
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Includes diffusion and osmosis
passive membrane transport
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Allows direct transport of molecules across the cell membrane
simple diffusion
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Occurs via transmembrane proteins
facilitated diffusion
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Types of transport protein through diffusion
channel protein, carrier protein
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Type of transport protein that does not change shape; substance can pass through easily (leak channel)
channel protein
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Type of transport protein that does not change shape; substance can pass through gates that are opened by stimuli
gated channel protein
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Type of transport protein that changes it shape to allow molecules to pass through
carrier protein
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Both solute & solvent move; from concentrated to less concentrated
diffusion
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Only solvent moves; from low-high solute
osmosis
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Less solute concentration & osmotic pressure
hypotonic solution
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Balanced amount of solute and osmotic pressure
isotonic solution
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Greater amount of solute and osmotic pressure
hypertonic solution
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Does require cell to expend energy, primarily through ATP
active membrane transport
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Energy is derived from the breakdown of ATP; from regions of lower concentration to higher
primary active transport
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Moves 3 NA+ out of cells then moves 2 K+ into cells; essential in maintaining resting membrane potential
sodium-potassium pump
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this is a transport of one substance, establishing a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT, which then provides energy for moving a second substance
secondary active transport
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What kind of active transport is this
primary active transport: sodium-potassium pump
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What kind of active transport is this
secondary active transport
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What is this movement called
co-transport
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What is this movement called
counter-transport
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Membrane bound sacs that transport large water-soluble molecules
vesicles
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Circular vesicle that collects/accumulate substances and transport it out of the cell
exocytosis
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When solid particles are ingested by the cell
phagocytosis
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When liquid particles are ingested by the cell
pinocytosis
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What do you call ATP when it uses its one phosphate
ADP - adenosine diphosphate
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What kind of vesicle transport is this
endocytosis
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What kind of vesicle transport is this
exocytosis
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When substance is taken inside, moves around the cell and then released
trancycytosis
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Detects change in variable
receptor
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Receive receptor signals, establish set points, send signal to effector
control center
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Mechanisms are initiated by (1)
stimulus
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Respinse to physiological stressor
positive feedback
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Regulate critical body processes
negative feedback
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A person standing upright with facr directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward
anatomical position
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When lying face upward
supine
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When lying face downward
prone
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Towards the body's right side
right
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Towards the body's left side
left
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Below
inferior
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Above
superior
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Towards rhe front of the body
anterior
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Towards the back of the body
posterior
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Towards the belly
ventral
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Away from the belly (to the back)
dorsal
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Closer to the chest/body
proximal
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Away from chest/body
distal
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Away from the midline
lateral
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Towards the middle
medial
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Towards the surface
superficial
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Away from the surface
deep
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Anterior central region
head, neck, truck
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Anterior parts of the head
frontal (forehead), orbital (eye), nasal (nose), oral (mouth)
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Anterior parts of the neck
cervical, clavicular (clavicle)
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Parts of the trunk
thoracic, abdomen, pelvis
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Parts of anterior thorax
pectoral, sternal, mammary
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Parts of anterior abdomen
abdominal, umbilical
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Anterior part of the pelvis
pelvic, inguinal, pubic
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Parts of upper limbs (1 of 2)
axillary, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, manual
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Parts of upperlimb (2 of 2)
acromial, olecranon, dorsum
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Parts of manual
carpal, palmar, digital
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Parts of lower limb (1 of 2)
coxal, femoral, patellar, crucal, pedal
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Parts of lower limb (2 of 2)
popliteal, sural, plantar, carcaneal
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What is the region of the red spot
right hypochondriac region
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What is the region of the red spot
epogastric region
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What is the region of the red spot
left hypochomdriac region
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What is the region of the red spot
right lumbar region
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What is the region of the red spot
umbilical region
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What is the region of the red spot
left lumbar region
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What is the region of the red spot
right iliac region
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What is the region of the red spot
hypogastric region
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What is the region of the red spot
ledt iliac region
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What quadrant the red dot is in
right upper quadrant
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What quadrant the red dot is in
right lower quadrant
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What quadrant the red dot is in
left upper quadrant
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What quadrant is the red dot in
lower left quadrant