Charles Darwin

He is considered to be the father of evolution

Even in ancient times, people have tried to explain the different events and phenomena that happen within the natural world

In place of scientific explanations, people used _____ and other _________

Aristotle's other works

Focuses on the history and descriptions of animals

Describes animal reproduction

Focuses on animal, morphology, and physiology

Scala naturae of Aristotle

Scala naturae of Aristotle: Animals

It organize organisms into a hierarchy, with humans being at the top of the ladder

Theophrastus

Was one of Aristotle's successor and did extensive work on plants in his Historia Plantarum

Theophrastus' work

Wrote the work Naturalis Historia which tackled several fields such as biology, astronomy, mathematics, and many other branches of science

Pliny the Elder wrote the

Most religions also have their own creation myths The Roman Catholic creation story is found in the Bible

He published the Kitab al-Hayawan, also known as the Book of the Animals

Al Jahiz published the

This work has multiple ideas that predated but supported the idea of natural selection. Some of these include early ideas of adaptation, competition, and more.

A notable view he held was that natural phenomena do not occur without an ultimate purpose He argued that natural events works toward some kind of purpose

Published the Muqaddimah. It described the formation of plants and animals from simple life forms to more complex ones.

Ibn Khaldun published the

Considérastions sur Les corps organisées (considerations on organized bodies), used the term evolution to describe his own concept of preformation

Charles Bonnet wrote the

His work, Natural History of Animals, put forth ideas in comparative anatomy that are closely related to today's idea of evolution

Comte de Buffon wrote the

His theory of use and disuse, though already discredited, was also a major step towards the development of evolutionary theory

Simpler forms of life are continuously formed through spontaneous generation, which became more complex over time

The traits that the organisms have acquired through change can be passed onto their offspring

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation claimed that fossils show the progressive changes that happen to organisms

Robert Chambers wrote the

Charles Robert Darwin was born on

Charles Darwin showed an interest in ________ from a young age

The path of the second voyage of the HMS Beagle, from _____

HMS stands for

Darwin noticed similarities between extinct and extant organisms

Darwin made observations regarding the ________ of species in South America

Darwin traveled to the ______ using the HMS Beagle

The most famous observations Darwin has made in the Galapagos are related to the _____. He noticed great variation

Darwin’s ideas were published in the book ________, which remains famous and relevant until today.

There are four distinct parts of Darwin's theory

All species have common ancestry

refers to the process by which organisms change and evolve to form a distinct new species.

The change that happens to species does so over very long periods of time.

Organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

is a field of science that deals with genetic variation in the populations of organisms in the ecosystem.

It deals with the examination and modeling of the spatial and temporal variation in frequencies of genes and alleles in populations.

can cause changes in the DNA structure of the organisms.

increase the fitness of organisms.

decrease the fitness of organisms.

do not impact fitness.

Factors Affecting Genetic Structure of Population

is the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance. _______may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation. It could also cause initially rare alleles to become much more frequent, and even fixed

When a small group starts a new population, they don't carry all the genes from their original group, resulting in less genetic variety. This can lead to certain rare genes becoming more common in the new population, while some common genes may be absent or very rare.

is when a population's size dramatically reduces, leading to a loss of genetic diversity. This often happens due to events like natural disasters or diseases. The few survivors may not represent the original population's genetic makeup, impacting the future of the specie.

is a process in one’s DNA wherein pieces of chromosomes exchange genetic information and produces a new variation of alleles.

are segments of DNA that regulate the expression of the traits of an organism through the identity and arrangement of the nucleotides.

are sets of genes that regulate the expression of certain traits in the organism.

are the observable traits expressed in an individual. A gene contains all the needed information that codes for a specific protein required in controlling the expression of different __________ in an organism.

refer to the variant form of a given gene.