A series of tests used to identify disease-causing microorganisms and to determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics is called a. culture and sensitivity. b. Gram stain. c. antibiotic resistance. d. hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed to a. identify pathogens. b. treat surgical site infections (SSIs). c. prevent infections. d. produce chemicals in the body.

Endogenous infection occurs from a. a tear in the surgeon's glove. b. contaminated surgical supplies. c. the patient's own bacteria. d. outside the patient's body.

Eukaryotes are known to a. have smaller ribosomes than prokaryotes. b. be multicellular organisms. c. have an early or pre nucleus. d. have a plasma membrane, whereas prokaryotes do not.

Which function does not describe how antimicrobial agents may work against pathogenic microorganisms? a. Interfering with cell metabolism b. Inhibiting cell-wall synthesis c. Altering cell-wall membrane d. interfering with reabsorption of sodium

When a microorganism's DNA sequence is altered to prevent destruction by an agent, the microorganism is said to have developed a(n) a. broad-spectrum coverage. b. antibiotic resistance. c. plasma membrane. d. bacteriostatic effect.

Among the most common causative agents of SSI are bacteria known as a. Bacillus subtilis. b. Streptococcus pneumoniae. c. Staphylococcus aureus. d. Staphylococcus epidermidis.

An antimicrobial agent used to inhibit bacterial growth is called a. bacteriophagic. b. bactericidal. c. bacteriostatic. d. bacteriogenic.

Which major group of antibiotics is classified into five generations on the basis of the spectrum of its activity? a. Penicillins b. Macrolides c. Tetracyclines d. Cephalosporins

Who discovered penicillin? a. Louis Pasteur b. Robert Koch c. Alexander Fleming d. Edward Jenner

Antibiotics are natural chemicals, which are produced by a. human cells. b. sulfa drugs. c. microorganisms. d. metabolites.

Antibiotics assist the surgical patient's own defenses to prevent or diminish a. post-operative hematoma. b. venous emboli. c. hypertension. d. surgical site infections.

The Surgical Patient Checklist is a tool to help with compliance for antibiotic administration and was developed by the a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). b. World Health Organization (WHO). c. Centers for Medicaide and Medicare Services (CMS). d. Association of perioperative Reginstered Nurses (AORN).

To cause an infection, a pathogen must have a source, means of transmission and a(n) a. extended exposure to light. b. unclean environment. c. protective spore. d. succeptible hosts

Surgical instruments that are improperly cleaned prior to sterilization and contribute to an infection are considered an a. bactericidal source. b.exogenous source. c.resistant source. d.endogenous source.

A way of distinguishing between two types of bacteria is called a. culture and sensitivity. b. selective toxicity. c. morphology. d. Gram staining.

Which agent is bactericidal? a. Macrolides b. Tetracyclines c. Fluoroquinolones d. Penicillins

A sulfonamide that is used as a topical dressing for burn patients is called a. silvadene cream. b. Cubicin. c. bacitracin cream. d. Chloromycetin.

Which of the following is a "miscellaneous" antibiotic that is common in the OR and is active against staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci? a.Bacitracin b.Synercid c.Cleocin d.Vancomycin