The DBMS serves as the intermediary between the user and the database. The database structure itself is stored as a collection of files, and the only way to access the data in those files is through the DBMS.

Improved data sharing

The more users access the data, the greater the risks of data security breaches

Improved data security

Wider access to well-managed data promotes an integrated view of the organization’s operations and a clearer view of the big picture.

Better data integration

Data inconsistency exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.

Minimized data inconsistency

The DBMS makes it possible to produce quick answers to ad hoc queries. From a database perspective, a query is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation—for example, to read or update the data.

Improved data access

Better-managed data and improved data access make it possible to generate better- quality information, on which better decisions are based. The quality of the information generated depends on the quality of the underlying data.

Improved decision-making

The availability of data, combined with the tools that transform data into usable information, empowers end users to make quick, informed decisions that can make the difference between success and failure in the global economy.

Improved end-user productivity

A type of database that supports only one user at a time.

Single-user database

A single user database that runs on a personal computer.

Desktop Database

A type of database that supports multiple users at the same time.

Multiuser Database

A type of database that supports a relatively small number of users or a specific department within an organization.

Workgroup Database

A type of database that is used by the entire organization and supports many users across many departments.

Enterprise Database

A type of database that is used by the entire organization and supports many users across many departments.

Enterprise Database

A type of database that supports data located at a single site.

Centralized Database

A type of database that supports data distributed across several different sites.

Distributed Database

A database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS.

Cloud Database

A type of database that contains data focused on specific subject areas.

Discipline-specific database

A type of database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations.

Operational database

A type of database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making.

Analytical database

refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and mange end-user data.

Database Design

It was developed in the 1960s to manage large amounts of data for complex manufacturing projects.

Hierarchical Model

It was created to represent complex data relationships more effectively than the hierarchical model, to improve database performance, and to impose a database standard.

Network Model

It was introduced in 1970 by E. F. Codd of IBM.

Relational Model

It was introduced in 1976 by Peter Chen.

Entity Relationship Model

both data and its relationships are contained in a single structure known as an object

Object-Oriented Model

A metalanguage used to represent and manipulate data elements. Unlike other markup languages, ____ permits the manipulation of a document's data elements.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

It refers to a movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost.

Big Data

It is a large-scale distributed database system that stores structured and unstructured data in efficient ways.

NoSQL

is relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real-world data structures.

Data Model

It is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored.

Entity

It is a characteristic of an entity.

Attribute

It describes an association among entities.

Relationship

It is the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator

Schema

It defines the portion of the database by the application programs that actually produce the desired information from the data in the database

Subschema

It allows the database administrator to define the schema components.

Data Definition Language (DDL)

It refer to the amounts of data being stored.

Volume

It refers not only to the speed with which data grows but also to the need to process this data quickly in order to generate information and insight.

Velocity

It refers to the fact that the data being collected comes in multiple different data formats.

Variety

It is the end user's view of the data environment.

External Model

It represents a global view of the entire database by the entire organization.

Conceptual Model

It is the representation of the database as "seen" by the DBMS.

Internal Model