It provides a basic syntax used to specify security restrictions. The DBMS will then implement the security system and enforce the required restrictions.

This represents people or programs performing actions on objects in the database. The DBMS grants users an ID for authentication and privileges to perform specific actions on specific tables/rows.

Users

These are the things defined by SQL standards in the database that users can manipulate. This includes rows, columns, tables, indexes, and views.

Objects

This refers to the rights of users to manipulate objects. These privileges start with SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE, ALTER, INDEX, AND REFERENCES for database objects.

Privileges

it is a named collection of database access privileges that authorize a user to connect to the database and use its system resources.

Roles

Which statement best describes Authentication and Authorization?

It is where setting up security begins with

Which statement best describes "Server-Level"?

It includes logins and server roles.

Which statement best describes "Database-Level"?

It include users and database roles.

Which statement best describes "Login"?

It allows you to connect to the SQL Server service (also called an instance), and permissions inside the database are granted to the database users

What is the correct syntax to create a new login in T-SQL?

CREATE LOGIN login_name_test WITH PASSWORD = 'Mypassword';

What is the correct Syntax for changing the login name?

ALTER LOGIN login_name_test WITH NAME = newlogin_name;

What is the correct syntax to change the User's password in T-SQL?

ALTER LOGIN newlogin_name WITH PASSWORD = 'Newpassword';

is a command used to provide access or privileges on the database objects to the users.

GRANT

It is a command used to remove privileges from a specific user or role or from all users to perform actions on database objects

REVOKE

The user named user1 that we have created before does not have any access to myDB. Using the GRANT command, we want user1 to be able to view and modify the data in the myDB database. What is the correct syntax?

GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON [Names] TO user1

We want to remove the modifying privilege of user1. What is the correct syntax?

REVOKE UPDATE ON [Names] TO user1

these are roles that are predefined in the database

fixed-database roles

these roles that you can create on your own based on your preferences.

user-defined database roles

Members of the this role can perform all configuration and maintenance activities on the database and can also drop the database in SQL Server.

db_owner

Members of this role can modify role membership for custom roles only and manage permissions. Members of this role can potentially elevate their privileges.

db_securityadmin

Members of this role can add or remove access to the database for Windows logins, Windows groups, and SQL Server logins.

db_accessadmin

Members of this role can back up the database.

db_backupoperator

Members of this role can run any Data Definition Language (DDL) command in a database.

db_ddladmin

Members of this role can add, delete, or change data in all user tables

db_datawriter

Members of this role can read all data from all user tables.

db_datareader

Members of this role cannot add, modify, or delete any data in the user tables within a database.

db_denydatawriter

Members of this role cannot read any data in the user tables within a database.

db_denydatareader

We can assign a db_owner role to the user1. what is the correct syntax?

ALTER ROLE db_owner ADD MEMBER user1

We can also create a user-defined database role having the privilege of viewing and updating the data in table "Names". What's the correct syntax?

CREATE ROLE [Admin1] GO GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON [Names] TO [Admin1] GO

It is a copy of data from your database that can be used to reconstruct that data. These can be divided into physical backups and logical backups.

Backup

These are backups of the physical files used in storing and recovering your database, such as data files, control files, and archived redo logs. Every physical backup is a copy of files storing database information to some other location, whether on disk or some offline storage such as tape.

Physical backups

It contain logical data (for example, tables or stored procedures) exported from a database management system (DBMS) and stored in a binary file for later re-importing into a database using the corresponding DBMS restore/import utility.

Logical backups

It is to keep track of all transactions that update the database. The information stored in this log is used by the DBMS for a recovery requirement triggered by a ROLLBACK statement. Some DBMS uses the transaction log to recover a database forward to a currently consistent state.

Transaction log

It is a mechanism where all the previous logs are removed from the system and stored permanently in a storage disk. Checkpoint declares a point before which the DBMS was in a consistent state, and all the transactions were committed.

Checkpoint

Which statement best describes Proper backup identification?

Backups must be clearly identified through detailed descriptions and date information, thus enabling the DBA to ensure that the correct backups are used to recover the database. Nowadays, the most common backup mediums are disk-based backup devices and cloud-based data storage.

Which statement best describes Convenient and safe backup storage?

Multiple backups of the same data are required, and each backup copy must be stored in a different location. The storage locations must include sites inside and outside the organization.

Which statement best describes Physical protection of both hardware and software?

Protection might include the use of closed installations with restricted access, as well as preparation of the computer sites to provide air conditioning, backup power, and fire protection.

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Hardware/software failures?

is caused by a careless end-user. Such errors include deleting the wrong rows from a table, pressing the wrong key on the keyboard, or shutting down the main database server by accident.

It is caused by a careless end-user. Such errors include deleting the wrong rows from a table, pressing the wrong key on the keyboard, or shutting down the main database server by accident.

unintentional failure

These are of a more severe nature and normally indicate that the company data is at serious risk. Under this category are security threats caused by hackers trying to gain unauthorized access to data resources and virus attacks caused by disgruntled employees trying to compromise the database operation and damage the company.

Intentional events

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Big Data?

This refers to the rate at which new data enters the system as well as the rate at which the data must be processed.

is used to label large volumes of data that push the limits of conventional software. This data is usually unstructured or semi-structured and may originate from a wide variety of sources

Big Data

the quantity of data to be stored, is a key characteristic of big data. The storage capacities associated with big data are extremely large.

Volume

It is another key characteristic of big data. This refers to the rate at which new data enters the system as well as the rate at which the data must be processed.

Velocity

In a big data context, it refers to the vast array of formats and structures in which the data may be captured

Variety

A new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model (SQL)

NoSQL DBMS

Which statement is NOT TRUE about NoSQL DBMS?

These are based on graph theory and represent data through nodes, edges, and properties

What NoSQL Data Model is being described? It is the simplest of the NoSQL data models. It stores data as a collection of key-value pairs. Greatly simplifies the work that the DBMS must perform, making These databases extremely fast and scalable for basic processing.

Key-value (KV) database

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Column-oriented databases

These are based on graph theory and represent data through nodes, edges, and properties.

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Graph databases?

These databases are conceptually similar to key-value databases, and they can almost be considered a subtype of KV databases.

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Document-Oriented databases

All columns in one row are rarely needed at once, but there are groups of columns that are often read together.

Which statement is FALSE about MongoDB?

It is based on graph theory and represent data through nodes, edges, and properties.

MongoDB groups collections into these. A single instance of MongoDB can host several of these, each of which can be thought of as completely independent.

Database

It can be thought of as a table with a dynamic schema.

Collections

It is the basic unit of data for MongoDB, roughly equivalent to a row in a relational database management system (but much more expressive).

Document

In MongoDB, you don't need to create a database manually because MongoDB will create it automatically, what is the correct syntax that will automatically create a new database

use FirstMongoDB

To check the currently selected database in MongoDB, What command is used?

To query the database list in mongoDB, what command is used?

show dbs

What is the correct syntax to create a document inside the FirstMongoDB database?

db.student.insertMany([ {name: "John Smith"}, {name: "John Cedrick"} ])

To query the newly created documents in mongoDB, what is the correct syntax?

db.student.find()

to query the database collection lists in mongoDB, what is the correct syntax?

show collections

To manually create a collection in mongoDB, what is the correct syntax?

db.createCollection("Teacher")

To remove or drop a document in mongoDB, what is the correct syntax?

db.student.remove({name: "John Cedrick"})

To remove or drop a collection in the database, what is the correct syntax?

db.student.drop()

To delete the currently selected database in mongoDB, what is the correct syntax?

db.dropDatabase()