These are sets of established rules that dictate how to format, transmit, and receive data so computer network devices can communicate regardless of the differences in their underlying infrastructures, designs, orstandards.

Network protocols

It provides a connectionless data transfer service over heterogeneous networks by passing and routing IP datagrams.

Internet Protocol (IP)

It's addresses are 32 bits in length.

IPv4 Datagram Format

This calls for addresses to be 128 bits long. A 128-bit address gives us virtually unlimited addresse

IPv6 Datagram Format

primary function is to turn an unreliable network into a reliable network that is free from lost and duplicate packets. The role of this essentially fills in some holes created by IP.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

What TCP Function is being described? "The TCP header includes a port address that indicates a particular application on a machine. it uses a port number to identify the particular application's connection"

Create a connection

What TCP Function is being described? "The TCP software can also dissolve a connection after all the data has been sent and received."

Release a connection

What TCP Function is being described? "To make sure the sending station does not overwhelm the receiving station with too much data, the TCP header includes a field called the Window value, that allows the receiver to tell the sender to slow down."

Implement flow control

What TCP Function is being described? "This can be done by creating a different connection that has a port number different from a previous connection."

Establish multiplexing

What TCP Function is being described? "TCP numbers each byte for transmission with a sequence number. As the packets of bytes arrive at the destination site, the receiving TCP software checks these sequence numbers for continuity"

Perform error recovery

What TCP Function is being described? "If the sender has to transmit data of a higher priority, such as an error condition, TCP can set a value in a field (the Urgent Pointer) that indicates that all or a portion of the enclosed data."

Establish priority

The information in this header is used by the TCP layer at the receiving workstation to perform one or more of the six transport functions.

TCP Datagram Format

It performs error reporting for the Internet Protocol and is commonly used by routers.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

What are the three (3) fields that lAll ICMP messages contain?

type, code, first eight bytes of the IP datagram

In ICMP, This field is simply a number from 0 to n that uniquely identifies the kind of ICMP message,such as invalid port number or invalid IP address.

type

in ICMP, it is a value that provides further information about the message type.

code

in ICMP, this caused the ICMP message to be generated.

first eight bytes of the IP datagram

it is a no-frills transport protocol that does not establish connections, does not attempt to keep data packets in sequence, and does not watch for datagrams that have existed for too long.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Which statement is NOT TRUE about UDP?

It is another small but important protocol that is used to support TCP/IP networks

Which is NOT a field in UDP?

Bandwidth

is another small but important protocol that is used to support TCP/IP networks. This takes an IP address in an IP datagram and translates it into the appropriate medium access control layer address for delivery on a local area network.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

it is the most popular protocol that handles dynamic assignment.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Which statement is NOT TRUE about DHCP?

is another protocol that is used to assign IP addresses.

it is another protocol that is used to assign IP addresses. More precisely, it lets a router represent an entire local area network to the Internet as a single IP address

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Network Address Translation (NAT) Functions?

Whenever a transmission is performed, it is susceptible to interception

It is a data network connection that makes use of the public telecommunications infrastructure but maintains privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

is the command set that allows an organization to create secure connections using public resources such as the Internet. Example: Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)

Tunneling Protocol

A switched network consists of a series of interlinked nodes, called _____?

switches

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Network Switching?

It provides a connectionless data transfer service over heterogeneous networks by passing and routing IP datagrams.

Which statement is NOT TRUE about packet switching?

it consists of a series of interlinked nodes, called switches.

What Types of Packet-Switched Networks is being described? "Each packet is treated independently of all others"

Datagram Networks

In Datagram Networks, each packet is treated independently of all others. Packets in this approach are referred to as ______.

datagrams

Which statement is FALSE about Datagram Networks

In data communications, we need to send messages from one end system to another.

In Datagram Networks, In this type of network, each switch (or packet switch) has a routing table that is based on the destination address.

Routing Table

In Datagram Networks, Every packet in a datagram network carries a header that contains, among other information, the destination address of the packet.

Destination Address

In Datagram Networks, The efficiency of a datagram network is better than that of a circuit-switched network; resources are allocated only when there are packets to be transferred.

Efficiency

In Datagram Networks, There may be a greater delay in a datagram network than in a virtual-circuit network. Although there are no setup and teardown phases, each packet may experience a wait at a switch before it is forwarded.

Delay

Which statement is NOT TRUE About Routing Table

Every packet in a datagram network carries a header that contains, among other information, the destination address of the packet

Which statement is FALSE About Destination Address?

The efficiency of a datagram network is better than that of a circuit-switched network;

What Types of Packet-Switched Networks is being described? "is a cross between a circuit-switched network and a datagram network."

Virtual-Circuit Networks

In Virtual-Curcuit Network, what addressing is being described? "A source or a destination needs to have a global address—an address that can be unique in the scope of the network or internationally if the network is part of an international network."

Global Addressing

In Virtual-Curcuit Network, what addressing is being described? "unlike a global address, is a small number that has only switch scope; it is used by a frame between two switches."

Virtual-Circuit Identifier

In structure of a switch, what is being described? "the paths in the circuit are separated from one another spatially"

Space-Division Switch

In structure of a switch, what is being described? "It uses time-division multiplexing (TDM) inside a switch. The most popular technology is called the time-slot interchange (TSI)."

Time-Division Switch

In structure of a switch, what is being described? "It combines the two (2) results in switches that are optimized both physically (the number of crosspoints) and temporally (the amount of delay). Multistage switches of this sort can be designed as time-space-time (TST) switches."

Time- and Space- Division Switch Combinations

In structure of Packet Switching, What is being described? "It performs the physical and data-link functions of the packet switch

Input Ports

In structure of Packet Switching, What is being described? "It performs the same functions as the input port but in the reverse order. "

Output Port

In structure of Packet Switching, What is being described? "It performs the functions of the network layer"

Routing Processor

In structure of Packet Switching, What is being described? "The most difficult task in a packet switch is to move the packet from the input queue to the output queue"

Switching Fabrics

In structure of Packet Switching, What Switching Fabrics is being described? "The simplest type of switching fabric is the crossbar switch."

Crossbar Switch

In structure of Packet Switching, What Switching Fabrics is being described? "(named after the banyan tree) is a multistage switch with microswitches at each stage that route the packets based on the output port represented as a binary string."

Banyan Switch

In structure of Packet Switching, What Switching Fabrics is being described? "The problem with the banyan switch is the possibility of internal collision even when two packets are not heading for the same output port."

Batcher-Banyan Switch

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Input Ports

It performs the same functions as the input port but in the reverse order.

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Output Ports

It performs the physical and data-link functions of the packet switch

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Routing Processor

It performs the physical and data-link functions of the packet switch

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Input Ports

It performs the same functions as the input port but in the reverse order.

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Batcher-Banyan Switch?

The simplest type of switching fabric is the crossbar switch.