A series of tests used to identify disease-causing microorganisms and to determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics is called a. hemoglobin and hematocrit. b. culture and sensitivity. c. antibiotic resistance. d. Gram stain.

Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed to a. treat surgical site infections (SSIs). b. prevent infections. c. identify pathogens. d. produce chemicals in the body.

Endogenous infection occurs from a. outside the patient’s body. b. the patient’s own bacteria. c. a tear in the surgeon’s glove. d. contaminated surgical supplies.

Eukaryotes are known to a. have an early or pre nucleus. b. have smaller ribosomes than prokaryotes. c. be multicellular organisms. d. have a plasma membrane, whereas prokaryotes do not.

Which function is not how antimicrobial agents may work against pathogenic microorganisms? a. Inhibiting cell-wall synthesis b. Altering cell-wall membrane c. Interfering with cell metabolism d. Interfering with reabsorption of sodium

When a microorganism’s DNA sequence is altered to prevent destruction by an agent, the microorganism is said to have developed a(n) a. antibiotic resistance. b. broad-spectrum coverage. c. plasma membrane. d. bacteriostatic effect.

Among the most common causitive agents of SSI are bacteria known as a. Bacillus subtilis b. Streptococcus pneumoniae c. Staphylococcus epidermis d. Staphylococcus aureus

Preoperative and intraoperative antibiotics may be administered by any of the following except a. orally b. intravenously c. topically to the incision d. in irrigation solutions

an antibacterial agent used to inhibit bacterial growth is called a. bactericidal b. bacteriogenic c. bacteriophage d. bacteriostatic

Which category of antibiotics is known to be ototoxic and nephrotoxic a. Cephalosporins b. Macrolides C. Aminoglycosides D. Penicillins

Which antibiotic is available only in topical form because it is too toxic for systemic use a. Neomycin b. Tobramycin c. Kanamycin d. Streptomycin

Which major group of antibiotics is classified into five generations on the basis of the spectrum of its activity a. Cephalosporins b. Macrolides c. Tetracyclines d. Penicillins

Erythromycin belongs to which group of antibiotics a. Cephalosporins b. Macrolides c. Aminoglycosides d. Penicillins

Who discovered penicillin a. Edward Jenner b. Louis Pasture c. Robert Koch d. Alexander Flemming

Which combination agent contains an antibiotic, an anti-inflammatory, and must be shaken before using a. Coly-mycin S Otic b. Neosporin GU Irrigant c. Cortisporin Otic d. Bacitracin with polymyxin B

Antibiotic are natural chemicals, which are produced by a. microorganisms b. metabolites c. human cells d. sulfa drugs

Antibiotics assist the surgical patient's own defenses to prevent or diminish a. veneral diseases b. lack of aseptic technique c. growth of bacteria d. surgical site infections

The surgical patient checklist is a tool to help with compliance for antibiotic administration and was developed by a. the CDC b. the WHO c. CMS d. AORN

A sulfonamide is an antimicrobial chemical and is further classified as a. a fluoroquinolone b. a synthetic antibabterial c. a semisynthetic antibacterial d. a bacteriocidal microbe

To cause an infection, a pathogen must have a(n) a. source b. bacteria c. unclean environment d. S. aureus

Surgical instruments that are improperly cleaned prior to sterilization are an example of a(n) a. endogenous source. b. exogenous source. c. bactericidal source. d. resistant source.

A way of distinguishing between two types of bacteria is called a. culture and sensitivity. b. morphology. c. selective toxicity. d. Gram staining.

Which agent is bactericidal? a. Macrolides b. Penicillins c. Tetracyclines d. Fluoroquinolones

Which is the correct group of antibiotics that belong to the beta-lactam class? a. Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems b. Cephalosporins. carbapenems, aminoglycosides c. Monobactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides d. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, penicillins

A sulfonamide cream that is used as a topical dressing for burn patients is called a. bacitracin cream. b. silvadene cream. c. Chloromycetin. d. Cubicin.

Which ointment is a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by fermentation and used as an intranasal packing? a. Bactroban b. Bacitracin c. Synercid d. Cleocin

MATCHING 1. First-generation cephalosporins 2. Third-generation cephalosporins 3. Aminoglycoside 4. Aminopenicillin 5. Broad-spectrum penicillin 6. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin 7. Sulfonamide 8. Tetracycline a. Amikacin (Amikin) b. Cefazolin (Ancef) c. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) d. Methicillin (Staphcillin) e. Ampicillin (Omnipen) f. Piperacillin (Pipracil) g. Minocycline (Minocin) h. Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)

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MATCHING 9. Characteristic of antibiotics in which the agent is toxic to the infecting microorganism without harming the host 10. Characteristic of some strains of pathogenic microorganisms able to prevent or overcome the activity of antibiotic agents 11. Destructive to bacteria 12. Infection caused by more than one microorganism 13. Inhibiting the growth of bacteria 14. Multicellular organisms 15. Single-celled organisms 16. Source from outside the patient 17. Source from inside the patient 18. Study of shapes a. Antibiotic resistance b. Bactericidal c. Bacteriostatic d. Endogenous e. Eukaryotes f. Exogenous g. Morphology h. Polymicrobial infection i. Prokaryotes j. Selective toxicity

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