It refers to a collection of data, such as words, numbers, images or graphics. This is a produced data that contains useful context for some users that may need it.

Information

"Every information must be up to date based on the requirements—not too early and not too late for the end user." Which characteristic of information is being described?

Timeliness

"A system must have appropriate and relevant information in every module. It must be relevant to the user who is using it." Which characteristic of information is being described?

Appropriateness

"Information must be correct or precise. For example, systems performing calculations must produce the exact values." Which characteristic of information is being described?

Accuracy

"Not all information must be displayed in the system. It should only contain the minimum detail that is appropriate to the user." Which characteristic of information is being described?

Conciseness

"The format and how the information is presented are important. Using colors can enhance the presented information to make it easier for the user to understand." Which characteristic of information is being described?

Understandability

"Any information must be complete based on the requirements. If an information is incomplete, it may lead to bad decisions." Which characteristic of information is being described?

Completeness

This refers to the components that are interrelated, working together with a common goal to accept inputs and outputs.

System

"It is the information or data a user adds in the system." What component in the system is being described?

Input

"It is the efficiency of data processing. It enables an organization to process millions of data." What component in the system is being described?

Processing

"Refers to the data or information that has been processed and displayed to the end users." What component in the system is being described?

Output

"Refers to the comments or suggestions in the system. This is used to improve or make any process more manageable for end users." What component in the system is being described?

Feedback

"It is about managing the operations in every process of the system." What component in the system is being described?

Control

This is the scope of activities in which it is limited for viewing or accessing any module of a system

System Boundaries

Which BEST DESCRIBES System Boundaries?

Every user of the system has a specific access on each module.

These have different objectives and interactions based on the given requirements. All of these uses the given resources to meet the given objective.

Subsystems

It refers to the connection of each system or subsystem boundaries and serves as the connection to display the output from one (1) system to the input of another system.

Subsystem Interface

This refers to the people, organizations, and other systems that give and receive data from the system.

System Environment

Every system always needs feedback to be able to do its job and to process accurately based on the requirements. Having an effective feedback and continuing to adjust the activities of the system assures the user that the system can achieve its goals.

System Feedback

It refers to a set of interrelated components that collect any information or data, process, store, and display the output to support decision-making.

Information Systems

Which statement BEST DESCRIBES Information Systems in an organization ?

It may consist of hardware, software, people, procedures, and telecommunication.

Identify All factors in the interaction of information systems and organization.

Business processes, Organization's structure, Culture, Environment, Management decisions

"This system is the most widely used information system. The function of this system is to record data which are collected at the boundaries of organizations. This system also records the transactions inside an organization." What information system is being described?

Transaction Procession System

"This refers to the sequence of activities. It includes marketing, manufacturing and assembly, packing and shipping, and billing and collection." What information system is being described?

Supply Chain Management System

"This system manages the relationship of the organization to its customer. Service representatives use this system to talk to their customers via phone." What information system is being described?

Customer Relationship Management System

"Most of the organizations use these systems to compete better with other organizations. This system accesses massive data, usually larger databases called data warehouses." What information system is being described?

Business Intelligence systems

"This system helps to find actions and answers most of the questions like "What if?"" What information system is being described?

Decision Support System

"This system uses artificial intelligence to be able to preserve the knowledge of an expert and to solve problems." What information system is being described?

Expert Support System

Also called waterfall development, consists of well-defined phasesthat are followed methodically. Most of the larger organizations use the this process in their development to check if the requirements are followed, including its progress.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

It is the oldest method when building information systems. It is a phased approach in creating or building a system by dividing systems development into formal stages. It is still used for large complex systems that require a formal requirements analysis, predefined specifications, and tight control in the process of creating a system.

Systems Life Cycle

This is the first stage in a system life cycle that has certain steps to come up on the data. It requires analyzing the data, identifying the problems, and determining the information requirements and objectives of the system.

Systems Analysis

• What is the business process needed to support a system? • What problems do you want to solve? What step in the Systems Analysis stage are these questions asked in creating a system?

Investigation

• Is the technology available to create the system? • Which of the available technologies should be used? What step in the Systems Analysis stage are these questions asked in creating a system?

Technical Feasibility Study

• What are the resources needed to implement the system? • Will the system’s benefits outweigh its costs? What step in the Systems Analysis stage are these questions asked in creating a system?

Economic Feasibility Study

• Will the system be used to its full capacity? • Will the system be used appropriately by its intended users? What step in the Systems Analysis stage are these questions asked in creating a system?

Operational Feasibility Study

• Does it support other systems such as web and mobile technologies? What step in the Systems Analysis stage are these questions asked in creating a system?

Requirements Definition

In this phase, this shows how the system will fulfill the objectives based on the requirements that have come up. The designer of the system will be responsible for giving the details of the system specification, which will deliver all the functions that have been identified in the system analysis phase.

System Design

Which statement is NOT TRUE about System Design Stage?

In this stage, the system specifications that were prepared during the design stage are translated into program code or software

In this stage, the system specifications that were prepared during the design stage are translated into program code or software.

Programming

This phase is the most respected in systems development.

Testing

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Testing Stage in System Life Cycle?

In this stage, the system specifications that were prepared during the design stage are translated into program code or software.

In the new IS, This is referred to as delivery.

Implementation

This takes place when an operation in an organization switches from using an existing or old system to the new system.

Conversion

In this stage, the system will be reviewed by both users and technical specialists to check if it meets the original objectives. If the system is fine and meets all the objectives, then it should be maintained.

Production and Maintenance

When the new system is installed, it is said to be in ___?____.

Production

If there are some changes or new requirements in software or hardware, or if there is an improvement of the process, it is called ____?____.

Maintenance

This approach relies on the skills and experience of the individual staff. It only refers to the small projects at which the staff is skilled.

Ad-Hoc Development

This method is the most common and the earliest structured system development and is still widely used.

Waterfall Model

Select all the steps of the Waterfall Model

Systems analysis, System design, Programming, Testing, Deployment, Maintenance

It is developed on the assumption that it knows all the requirements at the beginning of the project.

Prototyping

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Prototyping

This approach is designed to include the best features from the waterfall and the prototype models.

"This is where the client needs are gathered for developing the software. The requirements of the system are defined in detail." Which step in the Prototyping Approach is being described?

Requirements definition

"A simple design of the software is created, which gives a brief idea of the system to the user." Which step in the Prototyping Approach is being described?

Design

"An actual prototype is designed based on the information gathered from the design phase." Which step in the Prototyping Approach is being described?

Prototype creation

"A proposed system is presented to the client and look for the strength and weaknesses of the created software." Which step in the Prototyping Approach is being described?

Assessment

"If the client is not satisfied, the software needs to be refined according to the client’s feedback and suggestion." Which step in the Prototyping Approach is being described?

Prototype refinement

"The final system is developed based on the final prototype. It is already tested and deployed to production. Then, it undergoes routine maintenance." Which step in the Prototyping Approach is being described?

System implementation

This approach is designed to include the best features from the waterfall and the prototype models. It describes the process that is followed as the development takes place

Spiral Model

"Requirements are gathered from the customers, and the objectives are identified." What step in the Spiral Model is being described?

Project objectives

"During the second quadrant, all the possible solutions are evaluated to select the best possible solution. Then the risks associated with that solution are identified and resolved using the best possible strategy." What step in the Spiral Model is being described?

Risk assessment

"The identified features are developed and verified through testing." What step in the Spiral Model is being described?

Production

"Customers evaluate the developed version of the software and check for improvements. They also manage the developed software while looking for possibilities of errors." What step in the Spiral Model is being described?

Planning and management

This approach focuses on the fast delivery of the working software by dividing a large project into a series of small subprojects, which will be completed in short periods using iteration and continuous feedback

Agile development

Which statement is NOT TRUE about Agile Development

This approach is designed to include the best features from the waterfall and the prototype models.

It is a software that allows an organization to collect and manage data efficiently.

Database Management System (DBMS)

Which statement is NOT TRUE ABOUT Database Management System (DBMS)?

It integrates business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system.

It is typically used for processing the same information

Sequential File Organization

It is used with magnetic disks

Direct/Random File Organization

Records are stored in the file using the primary key. An index value is generated for each primary key and mapped with the record.

Index Sequential Access Method

It also uses primary key in combination with mathematical calculations to determine the location of a record.

Direct File Access Method

It integrates business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

It is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs.

Organization

Which statement is NOT TRUE about an Organization?

It integrates business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system.

input that the system takes to produce information

Data

the computer and its peripherals

Hardware

It sets of instructions that tell the computer how to take data in, how to process, how to display information, and how to store data and information

Software

Hardware and software that facilitate fast transmission

Telecommunications

Information systems professionals and users who analyze organizational information needs, design and construct IS, write computer programs, operate the hardware, and maintain software

People

The rules for achieving ideal and secure operations in data processing; include priorities in dispensing software applications and security measures.

Procedures

It refers to how work is organized, coordinated, and focused on producing a valuable product or service.

Business Process

Which is NOT an Manufacturing and production Example?

Identifying customers

Which is NOT an Sales and marketing Example?

Paying creditors

Which is NOT an Finance and accounting Example?

Hiring employees

Which is NOT an Human resources Example?

Assembling the product

It tries to achieve this broader information systems literacy. This deals with behavioral issues, as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in a firm.

Management information systems (MIS

This is transforming the traditional business world. Examples include the emergence of cloud computing, the growth of mobile digital business platforms based on smartphones and tablet computers, Big Data, and business analytics, and the use of social networks by managers to achieve business objectives.

IT innovation

The emergence of online video streaming services like Netflix, Apple TV, Amazon’s Prime Video, and many others for downloading video has forever changed how premium video is distributed and created.

New business models

This is changing how firms design, produce, and deliver their products and services. It has reinvented itself, disrupting the traditional marketing and advertising industry and putting major media and content firms in jeopardy.

E-commerce expanding

With new mobile smartphones, high-wireless Wi-Fi network, and tablets, remote salespeople on the road are only seconds away from their managers’ questions and oversight. In other words, business is going mobile along with consumers

Management changes

New, fast-going 21st-century business firms put less emphasis on hierarchy and structure and more emphasis on employees.

Changes in firms and organizations

It is described as the determination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise and the adoption of courses of action and allocation of resources necessary for achieving these goals.

Strategy